Chapter VII
established, and helping those who have already been established purify their practices.
Likewise, to beings who aspire to become Paccekabuddhas and SammÈsambuddhas, the
Bodhisatta gives the gift of Dhamma by explaining it clearly the characteristics, functions,
etc., of the ten
pÈramÊs
; by elaborating upon the glory of Bodhisattas throughout the three
stages of their existence, viz., at the moment of fulfilment of
pÈramÊs
, of becoming a
Buddha and of fulfilment of the duties of a Buddha; by establishing them in the practices
for attainment of
Paccekabodhi
or
SammÈ-sambodhi
; and by purifying the practices of
those who are already established in them.
Suttanta Classification of DÈna into Ten Kinds
When a Bodhisatta gives material gifts, he makes an offering of alms-food with the wish:
‚Through this material gift, may I help beings achieve long life, beauty, happiness,
strength, intelligence and attain the supreme fruit of arahantship.‛
Similarly, he makes an offering of drink to assuage the thirst for sensual defilements of
beings.
He makes an offering of garments to gain golden complexion and adornment of moral
shame and moral dread; of vehicles to become accomplished in various psychic powers and
gain the bliss of NibbÈna; of perfumes to produce the sweet fragrance of incomparable
morality; of flowers and unguents to be endowed with splendour of Buddha qualities; of
seats to win the seat of Enlightenment under the Bodhi-tree; of beds to acquire the ‘sleep of
a Buddha’ which is entering into the fourth
jhÈna
according to the saying: ‚Lying on the
left is the sleep of the sensuous, lying on the right, that of a lion, lying with upturned face,
that of a peta, entering into the fourth
jhÈna
is the sleep of a Buddha‛; of dwelling places,
such as rest houses, etc., to become a refuge of beings; and of lamps to acquire the five-
eyes
23
.
Various Kinds of DÈnas with Their Respective Objects
He makes a gift of colour (
r|pa-dÈna
) to acquire the aura which constantly illumines an
area of eighty cubics around the Buddha's body, even in the darkness of a thick forest, at
midnight, on a new moon day, with rain clouds covering the sky; of sound (
sadda-dÈna
), to
acquire a voice like that of the BrahmÈ; of tastes, to become a person endearing to all
beings; of tangibles, to acquire the fruit of gentleness of a Buddha (
Buddha sukhumÈlatÈ
);
of medicines, to attain the fruit of the ageless and deathless NibbÈna; of freedom to slaves,
in order to gain emancipation from slavery of defilements; of blameless amusement, so as
to delight in the true Dhamma; of his own children, in order to make all beings his children
of Ariyan birth (by permitting them into the Order); of his wives such as Queen MaddÊ
24
, in
order to become lord of the whole world; of ten kinds of treasures (such as gold, gems,
pearls, coral etc.), in order to achieve the major characteristics of physical beauty of a
Great Being; of various adornments, in order to achieve the eighty minor characteristic
marks of physical beauty; of his worldly wealth, in order to win the treasury of the True
Dhamma; of his kingdom, in order to become the King of the Dhamma; of pleasance or
garden, ponds and groves, in order to achieve the super-human transcendental
dhamma
of
jhÈnas
, liberation, concentration, Path and Fruition; of his feet to whoever wants them, to
enable himself to approach the tree of Enlightenment with feet marked with auspicious
23. Five eyes: fivefold Eyes of Wisdom, which the Sub-Commentary explains as follows: (i)
Buddha-cakkhu
, the Buddha-Eye, complete intuition of another's inclinations, intentions, hopes,
hankerings, will, dispositions, proclivities, moral state; (ii)
Samanta-cakkhu
; the Eye of All-
round Knowledge, the eye of a being perfected in wisdom; (iii)
Dhamma-cakkhu
(or
©Èna-
cakkhu
), the Eye of Truth, perception of the attaiment of the first three
magga
s which lead to the
fourth and final
magga
, arahatship; (iv)
Dibba-cakkhu
: the Eye of Supernormal Power, the
Deva-Eye of super senuous perception, the "clear" sight of seer, all pervading and seeing all that
proceeds in hidden worlds; and (v)
PasÈda-cakkhu
, (or
Mamsa-cakkhu
), the physical eye.
24. Queen Maddi: wife of Prince Vessantara who was well known for his generosity as a
Bodhisatta. Read Chapter II RARE APPEREANCE OF A BUDDHA.