THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1184
Buddha Himself and the Band of Five Theras.
From that time onwards, to the
ariya-magga
and
phala,
the Buddha led fifty-five friends
headed by Yasa, the son of a wealthy merchant; thirty-three Bhadda Princes, in the
KappÈsika grove; a thousand former matted-hair ascetics, on the stone plateau of GayÈsÊsa
and others. After leading a large multitude of people to the Noble Path and Fruition, on the
full moon day of Phussa (December-January), in the same year, the Buddha arrived in
RÈjagaha and established brahmin householders, numbering a hundred and ten thousand
headed by King BimbisÈra in
sotÈpatti-phala
and ten thousand such householders in the
Three Refuges. Having caused the abundant blossoming and fruition of His teaching, with
the eight wonders and three trainings, throughout the JambudÊpa, the entire land of which
He caused to be illuminated bright with the colour of the robes and caused the environs to
be blown by the rushing wind from the moving monks and other noble ones. Later on, once
when He arrived at the Jetavana monastery of SÈvatthi City and while remaining there at
the monastery and sitting on the Dhamma Throne, the seat for a Buddha, He delivered a
sermon and in the course of His delivery, He became desirous of declaring that His eldest
son, KoÓÉaÒÒa, was the best of all who were first to realize the Four Truths; and He
uttered:
EtadaggaÑ bhikkhave mama sÈvakÈnam bhikkh|nam rattaÒÒ|naÑ
yadidaÑ AÒÒÈsi KoÓÉaÒÒo.
O monks, of My monk-disciples who are of long standing (
rattaÒÒ|
), AÒÒÈsi
KoÓÉaÒÒa is the foremost (
etadagga
).
Thus speaking in praise of the Venerable KoÓÉaÒÒo, the Buddha declared him the
RattaÒÒ| Etadagga
.
(Herein ‚
rattaÒÒ|
‛ literally means ‚one who knows night-time‛, that is to say ‚one
who has passed through the long duration of many nights since one's renunciation.‛
In the Buddha's dispensation there was none who realised the four Truths earlier
than KoÓÉaÒÒa. Hence KoÓÉaÒÒa was the one who knew many nights (i.e. who
lived over the greatest number of years) since he became a monk. (According to
this explanation, a
rattaÒÒ|
individual means ‚the senior-most in monkhood.‛
Or, as Venerable KoÓÉaÒÒa realized the four Truths before all others, since his
realization, he had passed through many a night. According to this, the word in
question means ‚the earliest knower of the Four Truths.‛
Or, as every
arahant
is conscious of day-time and night-time, he earns the epithet
rattaÒÒ|
, ‚one who is aware of the divisions of day and night time.‛ Because
Venerable KondaÒÒa was the earliest of all
arahants
, he stood out from other
rattaÒÒ|s
arahats
knowing the divisions of time).
AÒÒÈsi KoÓÉaÒÒa MahÈthera after His Attainment of Arahatship
The Venerable AÒÒÈsi KoÓÉaÒÒa attained arahatship on the fifth day after the full moon
of ŒsÈÄhÈ. On the full moon day of Phussa that year, the Buddha arrived in RÈjagaha and
on the first waxing day of MÈgha (January-February), the future Chief Disciples (SÈriputta
and MoggallÈna) donned the robe. On the seventh day, the Venerable MoggallÈna became
arahat
and the Venerable SÈriputta did so on the full-moon day. In this way, there arose
complete categories of
arahants
, such as Chief Disciples, Great Disciples and Ordinary
Disciples, in the Buddha's dispensation, all going for alms-round (in a single line, with the
most senior in front and the most junior last in the line). When the Buddha gave a
discourse, He sat on the Dhamma Throne, the Buddha-seat decorated in the middle of the
assembly. The Captain of the Dhamma, Venerable SÈriputta, sat on the right side of the
Buddha and Venerable MoggallÈna on the left side.
At the back of the two Chief Disciples, a seat was prepared for Venerable KoÓÉaÒÒa. The
remaining monks took their seats surrounding him. Because KoÓÉaÒÒa was the first to
understand the four Truths in the Buddha's dispensation and because he was senior also by
age, the two Chief Disciples were respectful to him, they regarded him as MahÈ BrahmÈ, as