THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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‚Excess of faith leads to over enthusiasm;
excess of wisdom leads to craftiness;
excess of energy leads to restlessness;
excess of concentration leads to ennui (mental weariness);
but there is never an excess of mindfulness‛;
(iv)
non-association with the foolish;
(v)
association with the wise;
(vi)
reflection on the diversity of profound knowledge related to subtle subjects, such
as the aggregates, etc.; and
(vii)
inclination for developing knowledge (
paÒÒÈ
) in all postures.
(h) The components of the four jhÈnas are:
(i)
the first four
caraÓa dhammas
beginning with observance of precepts
18
;
(ii)
the beginning portion of Samatha meditation, and
(iii)
the fivefold mastery
19
(
vasibhava
).
Through these
caranas
and
abhiÒÒÈs
, it is possible to achieve purity in application
(
payoga-suddhi
) and purity of disposition (
asaya-suddhi
). Through purity in application,
one can make the gift of harmlessness (
abhaya-dÈna
) to beings and through purity of
disposition, one can make the gift of material objects (
Èmisa-dÈna
); and through the purity
of both, the gift of Dhamma (
dhamma-dÈna
) becomes possible.
In this way it may be understood how the
caraÓas
and
abhiÒÒÈs
form the requisites of the
pÈramÊs
.
7. What are The Factors that defile The PÈramÊs
To the question, ‚What are the factors that defile the
pÈramÊs
?‛ the answer, in general, is:
regarding the
pÈramÊs
as ‘I’, ‘mine’, ‘myself’ through craving, conceit and wrong view is
the cause of defilement of the
pÈramÊs
.
The precise answer, however, (in each particular case) is (as follows):
(i)
Thinking to discriminate between gifts and between their recipients causes defilement
of the Perfection of Generosity. (The Bodhisatta
,
who is fulfilling the Perfection of
Generosity, should give without discrimination in whatever gifts he has in hand to
whoever has come to seek. He should not think about the quality of the gift, ‚This is
too bad to offer; this is too good to donate;‛ or should he think about the recipient,
‚This man is an immoral person, I cannot give it to him.‛ Such discriminating
thoughts make the Perfection of Generosity impure.)
(ii)
Thinking to discriminate between beings and between occasions causes defilement of
the Perfection of Morality. (The Perfection of Morality should be fulfilled regardless
of beings and occasion, thinking: ‚I shall refrain from killing only such and such
creature but I shall not refrain from killing others. I shall observe precepts only on
such and such an occasion but not on other occasions.‛ Thinking discriminatingly
thus will make the Perfection of Morality impure.)
(iii)
Thinking that the two kinds of sensuality
20
and three realms of existence to be
pleasant, and thinking that the cessation of sensuality and existence to be unpleasant
are the causes of defilement of the Perfection of Renunciation.
(iv)
Wrong thought of ‘I’, ‘mine’, is the cause of the defilement of the Perfection of
Wisdom.
(v)
Sluggish thoughts, which encourage sloth and torpor and restlessness, are the cause
18. Read: ‚The components of Energy.‛
19. The five masteries,
vasibhÈva
, read AnudÊpÈnÊ Chapter VI PÈramÊta (Prefections).
20. Two kinds of sensuality: sense objects (
vatthu-kÈma
); sense pleasures (
kilesa-kÈma
).