Chapter 42
Death or dissolution,
marana
, is of three kinds:
khaÓika-maraÓa, samuccheda-maraÓa
and
sammuti-maraÓa
.
(i) Khanika-maraÓa means the dissolution of conditioned mental and physical phenomena
when they reach the moment of dissolution (i.e. third phase in the coming into being of
mind and matter). A unit of mind and mental concomitants has an ephemeral existence
which is characterized by three phases: the moment of arising, the moment of growth or
ageing, and the moment of dissolution. The life of each unit of mind and mental
concomitants, called ‚thought‛ (
citta
) lasts just these three fleeting moments, and each such
unit is called one thought-moment (
cittakkhaÓa
).
Over one million million thought moments arise and vanish in a wink of an eye or in a
flash of lightning. Of the twenty-eight types of corporeality, twenty-two of them (i.e.
leaving aside the four corporeal types of salient features (
lakkhaÓa
) and two corporeal
types of intimation (
viÒÒata
)) have each a life of seventeen thought-moments. The two
corporeal types of intimation arise together with a thought and cease together with mind.
They are followers of mind. Of the four corporeal types of salient features, corporeality
that arises at conception comprising corporeality which arises at the moment of conception
(
upacaya-r|pa
) and corporeality which is the continued development of the corporeality
which arose at conception (
santati-r|pa
), occurs only at the moment of arising and lasts
only one thought-instant (i.e. a subdivision of one thought moment). The corporeality
which arises at the stage of ageing and decay (
jaratÈ-r|pa
) lasts 49 thought-instants. The
corporeality which arises at the stage of dissolution (
aniccatÈ
) lasts for just one thought-
instant. Thus, a living being is subject to a million million times of dissolutions which are
called
khaÓika-maraÓa
.
(ii) Samuccheda-maraÓa means complete cutting off of the process of rise and fall which
is the end of all
dukkha
, that is the intrinsic nature of conditioned phenomena. It is attained
only by an
arahat
. It is called ‚cutting off‛ because, after the death of an
arahat
which is
the ultimate realizing of NibbÈna without leaving behind any substrate of existence, no
fresh aggregates of mind and matter arise. Just like a flame that is exhausted, the woeful
round of rebirth is totally destroyed. Hence the death of an
arahat
is called
samuccheda-
maraÓa
.
(iii) Sammuti-maraÓa means the conventional death of all living beings except the Buddha
and
arahats
. It is the ceasing of one series of the life process that belongs to one existence,
called the end of the life faculty (the term ‘dies’ or ‘death’ in the conventional sense is also
applied to non-living things such as quick silver or iron or trees, etc. However, that does
not concern our present discussion.).
Sammuti-maraÓa
is of four kinds:
(a) Death due to the end of life span whereas the kammic potential is still present, is
Èyukkhaya-maraÓa.
(b) Death due to the exhaustion or end of the kammic potential even though the life span
is not ended yet, is kammakkhaya-maraÓa.
(c) Death due to the end of both (i) and (ii) above, is ubhayakkhaya-maraÓa.
(d) Death due to an abrupt intervention of some evil
kamma
, although the life span and
the kammic potential above are still present, is upacchedaka-maraÓa.
The probability of death is ever present with all living beings regardless of realm or
station in life. Any one of the four kinds of death may happen to a living being at any
moment because there are all sorts of hazards that lurk around all of us. And, of course,
when death claims anyone, there is no way of refusal or escape.
(Note carefully: Rebirth, ageing and death are like assassins that roam about the
world, watching for an opportunity to strike any living being. To expand the
example: let us say someone is under the vigilance of three enemies who are out to
kill him. Between the three of them, the first murderer says to his accomplices:
‚Friends, I shall lure him into some jungle, after telling him about the attraction of
the jungle. There is no problem for me to do that.‛ The second murderer says to