Chapter 42
both types of
bhava
.‛ The explanation is this:-
A worldling is like a lunatic. That being so, he cannot discriminate what is proper and
fitting, and what is not. Therefore, under the influence of all the (four) kinds of clinging,
he commits all sorts of actions, that are of mundane merit and demerit, that tend to
renewed existence. How these various actions are committed, will be considered here.
A worldling may know or hear that sense pleasures abound with the ruling class or high
class of the human world and in the six deva-worlds. He may get ill advice from others that
to gain what one wants, one should do anything, if needs be, one should kill or steal. So
under the evil influence of clinging to sense pleasures, he commits evil deeds such as
killing to gratify his strong desire for sense pleasures. These evil deeds lead to rebirth in
the miserable states of
apÈya
.
Or a worldling may have irresistible temptation to get some sense object that he sees
before him; or he may wish to preserve and protect his property, and to achieve this, he
would do anything whether it is morally right or wrong. This is a (more common) case of
committing evil being driven by clinging to sense pleasures. Evil deeds cause rebirth in the
miserable states. In these cases, the evil deeds that send him to the miserable states is called
Kamma-bhava
and the result and mental aggregates and kamma born corporeality
pertaining to the miserable states are called
Upapatti-bhava
. (These are how clinging to
sense pleasures leads to demeritorious kammic causal process and the result thereof.)
Another worldling, being fortunate of having wiser counsel. His friends are virtuous by
example as well as by precept. He gains some knowledge of the Truth. He knows truly that
by doing meritorious deeds he can have fortunate destinations. He performs meritorious
acts, and, as a result of which, he is reborn in the human world or in the world of devas. In
this case the meritorious deeds that send him to the fortunate destinations is called
kamma-
bhava
and the resultant mental aggregates and kamma born corporeality pertaining to the
fortunate existences are called
upapatti-bhava
. (This is how clinging to sense pleasures
leads to meritorious kammic causal process and the result thereof.)
Another worldling may have heard or have the idea that the BrahmÈ-world of Fine
Material Sphere or Non-Material Sphere has higher sense pleasures than those of the
Sensuous Sphere. And, being obsessed by this allurement of superior sense pleasures of the
BrahmÈ-world, he practises
jhÈna
of the Fine Material Sphere or the Non-Material Sphere,
and achieves it, and, as the result, he is reborn in the Fine Material Sphere or the Non-
Material Sphere. In this case the meritorious deeds of that worldling pertaining to the Fine
Material Sphere or Non-Material Sphere that send him to the Fine Material Sphere and the
Non-Material Sphere are called
Kamma-bhava
and the resultant mental aggregates and the
kamma-born corporeality of the Fine Material Sphere and the resultant mental aggregates
of the Non-Material Sphere are called
Upapatti-bhava
. (This is how clinging to sense
pleasures gives rise to kammic causal process and the result thereof.)
Another worldling, clinging to the wrong view of annihilation or extinction, believes
firmly that self becomes fully extinct only in a fortunate existence of the Sensuous Sphere,
or in the Fine Material Sphere, or in the Non-Material Sphere, and accordingly acquires
merit pertaining to the Sensuous Sphere that leads to a fortunate existence in the Sensuous
Sphere, or the exalted type of merit,
mahÈggata
which is sublimated due to absence of the
hindrances. The merit of this worldling pertaining to the Sensuous Sphere and the BrahmÈ
realms of the Fine Material Sphere and the Non-Material Sphere are called
Kamma-bhava
,
and the resultant mental aggregate and the kamma-born corporeality are called
Upapatti-
bhava
. (This is how clinging to wrong view gives rise to kammic causal process and the
resultant thereof.)
Another worldling, under the influence of clinging to an illusory Self (
Atta
), and firmly
believes that self attains real happiness in a fortunate existence of the Sensuous Sphere, or
in the Fine Material Sphere, or in the Non-Material Sphere, and accordingly acquires merit
pertaining to the Sensuous Sphere, that leads to fortunate existence in the Sensuous Sphere,
or the exalted type of merit which is sublimated due to absence of the hindrances. The
merit of that worldling pertaining to the Sensuous Sphere and the BrahmÈ realms of the