THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1148
The poet calls his subject matter ‚the train of
saÑsÈra
that speeds along the three
Spheres‛ because
PaÔiccasamuppÈda
is the ceaseless round of causal factors that give rise
to the aggregates, Sense-bases and Elements pertaining to the three Spheres of existence.
AvijjÈ
is called the great darkness of delusion,
mahÈtama
. The darkness of Ignorance is
usually described as having four contributory factors, namely, darkness that prevails on a
first-moon night where no moon shines; at midnight, in the heart of a deep forest, shrouded
with rain clouds. The fourfold Ignorance of the worldling is comparable to the four
factored darkness.
The worldling shrouded by Ignorance commits evil deeds for his immediate welfare
through twelve demeritorious thoughts; these volitional activities are the
apuÒÒÈbhisaÑkhÈra
that tend to the miserable existences.
Ignorance does not only drive the blinded worldling to commit evil actions, it also drives
him to perform good actions that send him to high existences of the deva and BrahmÈ-
worlds. This is because whereas the first two truths of the Four Truths, i.e. the Truth of
Dukkha and the Truth of the Cause of Dukkha are mundane truths which are of a burning
nature, the latter two truths, i.e. the Truth of Cessation and the Truth of the Path are
Supramundane Truths which have a cool and tranquil nature. The worldling (especially a
worldling who cherishes rebirth) whose mental makeup is shrouded by Ignorance, does not
understand that the two mundane truths are of a burning nature and so he resorts to them
and becomes a slave to his own craving.
When craving overpowers the worldling, particularly those with a natural inclination to
annihilist view, rejecting afterlife, he sets his sights on the present life only. He is prepared
to perpetrate any vicious act for his immediate welfare. He would kill or steal or commit
any deed as his demeritorious volition (
apuÒÒÈbhi-sa~khÈra
), urges him. The worldlings
who believe in continued existence or the eternity view, on the other hand, would aspire to
higher existences in the future. They would perform meritorious deeds to go to fortunate
existences or to be reborn in the Non-Material Sphere according to their hearts' desire, all
of which are not conducive to gaining
magga,
phala
and NibbÈna. These deeds are, as the
case may be, either meritorious volitions (
puÒÒÈbhi-sa~khÈra
) that lead to the Sensuous
Sphere and the Fine Material Sphere or unshakable volitions (
aneÒjÈbhi-sa~khÈra
) that lead
to the Non-Material Sphere.
As the result of such volitional activities, fresh existences occur and there is an endless
recurrence of
dukkha
.
(This is Ledi Sayadaw's verse explained on its salient points. Ledi Sayadaw has
explained them in detail in his
PaÔiccasamuppÈda DÊpaÓÊ
.)
Verse Two
(2) Sa~khÈra paccaya viÒÒÈÓaÑ
As the result of volitional actions of three types, rebirth in appropriate realms of
existence, i.e. in the miserable states of
apÈya
, or in the human realm, or in the deva realms
or in the BrahmÈ realms takes place. In the new existence, consciousness which is the key
mental factor arises. Consciousness is of six kinds according to the six sense doors, i.e.
eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind. The six kinds of consciousness each of which arises
together with mental concomitants take cognisance of their respective sense objects and
enjoy the sense pleasures. In so enjoying, a mistaken view of personal identity such as ‚I
see it‛, ‚I hear it‛, ‚I smell it‛, etc. arises, and so also the wrong concept of man or deva,
he or she, etc. arises. All these misconceptions are due to the six kinds of consciousness.
And so rebirth in all forms of existence, mostly in the miserable states of
apÈya
is
perpetuated.
Elucidations
Demeritorious volitions lead to the miserable states of
apÈya
with the appropriate birth
linking consciousness in the Sensuous Sphere and in the Fine Material Sphere, followed by
appropriate resultant consciousness. Meritorious volitions lead to the seven fortunate planes
of existence, i.e. the human plane and the six deva realms. These nine types of birth-linking