Chapter 42
tree and he might find it unusable for felling the tree. Then he would go to the blacksmith
and get his blunt blade sharpened. After which, equipped with the sharpened blade, he
could successfully chop down the whole tree.
The yogi, after refreshing his mind by contemplating on the Buddha or the Dhamma or the
Sangha resumes his contemplation on the loathsomeness of the body. When he gains
concentration and achieves the first
jhÈna
of the Fine Material Sphere, he meditates on the
five factors of the
jhÈna
as being impermanent, woeful and insubstantial. And when the
mind gains the ten stages of insight into conditioned phenomena, it matures into Magga-
Knowledge and its Fruition. (This is the first kind of meditation)
(2) A yogi contemplating on the Buddha or the Dhamma or the Sangha first strives to
achieve the threshold concentration or
upacÈra-jhÈna
. Then he meditates on the very nature
of his mental exercise. If he has been contemplating the Buddha, he applies his mind to the
question: ‚Who is it that is meditating? Is it a man or a woman? Is he a man, or deva, or a
mÈra
, or a BrahmÈ?‛ He views the question objectively to get at the ultimate fact. Then he
will come to perceive the fact that, in the ultimate sense, there is no such thing as a man or
a woman, or deva, or
mÈra
, or a BrahmÈ; and that, in truth and reality, it is just the mind
that is mindful of the object under meditation that is recollecting the attribute of the
Buddha such as "ArahaÑ". Then he comes to understand that the mind that is being
mindful of the mind-object is the aggregate of consciousness (
viÒÒÈÓakkhandhÈ
); that the
sensation that is associated with the consciousness is the aggregate of sensation
(
vedanÈkkhandhÈ
); that the perceiving (of the sensation) associated with the consciousness
is the aggregate of perception (
saÒÒÈkkhandhÈ
); that the contact (
phassa
) with the sensation
that arise together with the consciousness is the aggregate of volitional activities
(
sa~khÈrakkhandhÈ
). Thus he understands the nature of mind and the four mental
aggregates which are mental phenomena. Further, he examines through the insight gained
so far: On what do the mental aggregates depend? He perceives first, the physical base of
mental phenomena (
hadaya vatthu
). Next he perceives that the physical base is dependent
on the Four Primary Elements (
mahÈ bh|ta r|pa
). Then he goes on meditating on other
corporeality that are dependent on the Four Primary Elements. He exercises his mind
diligently and in due course comprehends the nature of corporeality that such is the
aggregate of corporeality, which is just physical phenomena devoid of any real person or
being, and that, in truth and reality, there is no ‚I‛ or ‚he/she‛, ‚man‛, ‚woman‛, etc. apart
from the physical phenomena. He now gains insight into the two different kinds of
phenomena, that is, mental and physical, in the last analysis, and understands that these two
different phenomena are composed of five aggregates on a detailed analysis. Then he
understands that these five aggregates are, in truth and reality, unsatisfactory and woeful
and thus understands the truth of
dukkha
. Then he also knows that craving (greed) is the
cause of
dukkha
; and that cessation of both
dukkha
and the cause of
dukkha
is the truth of
cessation; and that the Ariya Path of Eight constituents is the practice that is the condition
for cessation. Thus having penetrating knowledge of the Four Truths, the yogi develops the
insight, stage by stage, until it culminates in the Fruition of the Path Knowledge and
becomes an
ariya
. The meditation thus culminating in Ariyahood is the kind of
contemplation directed towards insight.
(These remarks are extracted from the Commentary on the A~guttara NikÈya, the
Ones,
ekÈka
)
Dependent Origination: PaÔiccasamuppÈda
In Chapter 17 we have undertaken to deal with Dependent Origination and this is the
occasion for it. We shall explain Dependent Origination in a manner neither too brief nor
too detailed.
Saccam satto patisandhi paccayÈkÈrameva ca
DuddassÈ caturo dhammÈ desetuÒca sudukkarÈ.
‚(i) The veracity of the Four Truths, (ii) the illusion of a 'being' as regards