THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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As the concentration gets stronger through this meditation practice, the hindrances fall
off and consequently the defilements are quelled. The five faculties, such as conviction,
become very pure and effective. The repeated reflection on the Sangha sharpens the initial
application of the mind and the sustained application of the mind. When these two factors
are functioning well, delightful satisfaction arises. Due to the delightful satisfaction,
serenity of mental concomitants and serenity of mind arise, as the result of which, physical
and mental uneasiness are stilled. When there is serenity of mind and mental concomitants,
happiness that causes the arising of concentration becomes pronounced. The thought-
process, being enriched by happiness, is firmly fixed on the object of meditation (i.e. the
Sangha)
Thus, the factors involved in meditation, beginning with initial application of the mind,
become more and more efficient stage by stage. The mind is neither lethargic nor distracted
so that the medium attitude in mental exercise is maintained and the Five Faculties, such as
conviction, are functioning in harmony. The five factors of
jhÈna
, namely, initial
application of the mind, sustained application of the mind, delightful satisfaction, happiness
and one-pointedness of mind, arise simultaneously at every thought moment with the great
meritorious consciousness of the contemplation of the Sangha which is mental cultivation
pertaining to the Sensuous Sphere. Thus neighbourhood concentration or threshold
concentration,
upacÈra-jhÈna
, is achieved. When this concentration arises together with the
great meritorious consciousness of the contemplation of the Sangha, which is mental
cultivation pertaining to the Sensuous Sphere, the yogi is called one who has achieved
upacÈra-jhÈna
of the contemplation of the Sangha. (The possible question relating to
upacÈra-jhÈna
and their answers should be treated along the same lines as in the case of
contemplation on the Buddha.)
The Benefits of Contemplating The Sangha
The virtuous one, who repeatedly contemplates on the Sangha, becomes exceptionally
devoted to the Sangha comparable to the
ariyas
devotion to the Sangha. He gains a stable
mindfulness, a profound wisdom, and much merit. He becomes possessed of delightful
satisfaction, at first of the feeble kind, but later of an ecstatic kind. He becomes indifferent
to fearful things, great or small. He becomes tolerant to pain. He feels that he is always in
the company of the Sangha. His mind is always ennobled by the awareness of the attributes
of the Sangha so that his body is like a congregation chamber of the Sangha (Sima) where
the Sangha are being assembled, and therefore is worthy of veneration. His mind is bent on
acquiring the attributes of the Sangha. Being constantly aware of the attributes of the
Sangha
,
he feels like one in the very presence of the Sangha and is incapable of committing
any evil, through shame and dread to do it, whenever occasion for it arises. Making the
contemplation of the Sangha as the bases, one may (after gaining concentration) meditate
for gaining insight into conditioned phenomena with facility and succeed in it. If he does
not attain
magga-phala
in this existence for want of sufficient past merit, he is reborn in
the fortunate existences. These are the benefits of contemplating the Sangha.
Two Kinds of Meditation
Contemplation of the Buddha, Contemplation of the Dhamma and Contemplation of the
Sangha are all various forms of meditation. Meditation is of two kinds: meditation for
refreshing the mind and meditation for Insight.
Explanation:
(1) A yogi, who contemplates loathsomeness of the body through reflecting on the ten
stages of the dead body, may feel repulsed by the unpleasant object and his mind may stray
like an untamed bull. In such a case, he should shift his object of meditation from the
original object of the dead body and contemplate on the Buddha or the Dhamma or the
Sangha. Then the mind will become refreshed and invigorated. The hindrances then fall
away. Then he can go back to his original contemplation on loathsomeness of the body.
It is like the case of a strong man trying to cut down a big tree to build a pinnacle for a
shrine. His sword or hatchet might get blunt after cutting off just the branches of the big