Chapter 42
tree whose tap roots are not cut off will remain growing and bear fruit, but when its tap
roots are completely cut off it cannot thrive and cannot bear fruit, so also ignorance and
craving for existence must be understood as the tap roots of rebirth. All worldlings,
Stream-enterers, Once-returners, Non-returners will have rebirth because these two tap
roots have not been completely destroyed. Only on attaining arahatship are the two tap
roots completely destroyed and rebirth is stopped.
Only one, who does not hold the wrong view of annihilism, believes in afterlife. Only
when existence after death is believed, will there be alms-giving for one's own wellbeing in
future existences. Only when volitional acts of giving are done, can there be the fulfilment
of whatever one may aspire to as the result. Thus, any act of giving with the belief in its
good result in the future existences is called
DakkhiÓÈ
. (Therefore
dakkhiÓÈ
means an
object that is given, motivated by the belief in future benefit.)
The Ariya
Sangha can make that object of offering efficacious as is desired by the donor
because they are endowed with the four supreme attributes mentioned above. In that sense,
they deserve to receive offerings that are called
DakkhiÓÈ
. Hence they are possessed of the
noble attribute of
DakkhiÓeyyo
.
(Another interpretation:) The Ariya
Sangha purify the object that is being offered
(
dakkhiÓÈ
) in the sense that they bestow the merit on it (through their nobility).
‚
DakkhiÓÈya hito DakkhiÓeyyo
– the Ariya
Sangha who bestow merit on the offering.‛
This is another meaning by which the attribute of
DakkhiÓeyyo
may be understood.
(8)
AÒjalikaraÓÊyo
: Being endowed with the four noble qualities based on their right
practice, the Ariya
Sangha are worthy of being venerated with joined palms raised to the
head. The term for this attribute is defined as: ‚
aÒjalÊkaraÓÊya etthÈti aÒjalikaraÓÊyo
——
Those wishing to earn merit pay obeisance to these eight
ariyas
, hence the Ariya
Sangha
are
aÒjalikaraÓÊyo
.‛
(9) AnuttaraÑ puÒÒakhattaÑ lokassa:
AnuttaraÑ: ‚atthi ito uttaranti amttaraÑ‛
(Definition) ‚There is no better field for sowing merit than the Ariya Sangha.‛ Although
by definition ‚there is no better field than the Ariya Sangha,‛ but, in fact there is not even
any field of merit equal to the Ariya Sangha. Hence this attribute has been rendered as ‚the
incomparably fertile field for sowing merit.‛
Khetta
means a field for cultivation of crops.
PuÒÒa khetta
means a field where merit is
cultivated, a metaphor for the Ariya Sangha. Just as a field nurtures the seeds sown in it, so
also the Ariya Sangha nurture the seeds of good deeds (acts of merit) sown in them (done
towards them). Here the Sangha nurture the good deeds of the donors through the morality,
concentration and wisdom which are like the nutrients of the soil. Thus the Ariya Sangha
bestow great merit to the good deeds done towards them, and are called the field that
nurtures the seeds of merit.
A field where the king sows his seeds is called the king's field. Likewise, the Ariya
Sangha where all the three worlds sow their seeds of merit are called the incomparably
fertile field where the whole world sow their seeds of merit,
anuttaraÑ puÒÒakhettaÑ
lokassa
.
Contemplation of The Sangha
The yogi who wishes to contemplate on the Sangha should commit to memory the nine
attributes of the Sangha in PÈli and its translation as given above. He should recite each of
them, such as
suppaÔipanno
, at a speed neither too slow nor too fast, reflecting on its
meaning. One who reflects on the attributes of the Sangha, while doing so, prevents the
arising of thoughts of lust, hatred and bewilderment, besides gaining concentration which
clears the mind of lethargy and distraction, and rendering it possible for a righteous
thought process to arise through the medium attitude of mental exercise, i.e. equanimity.