THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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number of connected thoughts, the first connection of logical relationships is perfection in
the beginning. The last connection of logical relationship is perfection at the end. The
remaining logical relationships are perfection in the middle. (These remarks are for
Suttanta PiÔaka.)
(In another way:) In the Suttanta and Vinaya PiÔakas, all of the discourses mention the
place where the event took place (Savatthi, RÈjagaha, etc.) which is perfection in the
beginning. The compatibility of the discourse with the natural bent of the hearers on that
particular occasion, the incontrovertible truth contained in the meaning of the discourse, the
substance, and the illustrations make the middle perfect. The benefit gained by the audience
through their faith and conviction, the proper conclusion of the theme, make the end
perfect.
In brief, the whole of the
Pariyatti Dhamma,
comprising the Three PiÔakas, essentially
proclaim Morality, Concentration, Insight-wisdom,
Magga,
Phala
and NibbÈna. They
pronounce the true Buddha, the true Dhamma, the true Sangha. They clearly prescribe the
noble and correct practice that leads to Buddhahood, or Perfect Self-Enlightenment,
Paccekabuddhahood and arahatship or enlightenment as a disciple. Thus, the three PiÔakas
have the intrinsic excellence in the beginning in Morality; the intrinsic excellence of the
middle in Concentration and Insight-wisdom; the intrinsic excellence at the end in NibbÈna.
Or taken in another light, they are excellent in the beginning through Morality and
Concentration; excellent in the middle through Insight wisdom, and
magga
; and excellent at
the end through
phala
and NibbÈna.
Or, put it in another way, they are excellent in the beginning by declaring the true
Buddha, excellent in the middle by declaring the true Dhamma, and excellent at the end by
declaring the true Sangha. Again, anyone, who takes up the practice as shown in the
Pariyatta Dhamma or the Three PiÔakas can attain any of the three classes of
Enlightenment, and are therefore excellent in the beginning through Perfect Self-
Enlightenment; excellent in the middle through Paccekabuddhahood, and excellent at the
end through Enlightenment as a disciple.
The Buddha's Doctrine requires His disciples two steps to take: the first step is for them
to listen attentively with a certain faith, and the second is to take up the practice of the
Dhamma. When the above steps are taken in their order and the proper practise is done, a
disciple attains
arahatta-phala
. Therefore, in listening to the Doctrine, if you have the
ultimate objective of
arahatta-phala
, you gain the knowledge of what has been heard,
Sutamaya
ÒÈÓa
, the repeated arising of which can put away the hindrances of the mind.
Hence paying good attention to the Doctrine is excellence in the beginning. If you take up
the Practice of the Dhamma after repeatedly listening to it, you get the calm that comes
with concentration,
samatha-sukha
, and then if pursued correctly, you gain insight into
phenomena which gives you peace and satisfaction,
vipassanÈ-sukha
. Thus the practice of
the Dhamma is excellence in the middle. Since proper practice leads to
arahatta-phala
, the
result of the practice is the excellent at the end. In this way is the Pariyat Doctrine excellent
in the beginning, in the middle and at the end, and therefore it is truly acclaimed as
SvÈkkhÈto
.
The Buddha's Pariyat Doctrine clearly chalks out two modes of the practice, the practice
conforming to the teaching,
sÈsana brahmÈ
cariya
, and the noble practice of the Path,
magga
brahmÈ
cariya
. (Of those two, the first refers ordinarily to the threefold training
and kindred teachings while the second refers to the very essence of the threefold training
and the successful measure of the threefold training, namely, the
ariya-magga
.) In teaching
these two modes of the practice, the Buddha defined the Noble Practice in terms of the
deepest significance in meaning. For instance, if a religious teacher were to give emphasis
on such mundane words as gruel, rice, or men or women, these terms do not have any
intrinsic value that can lead to the ending of the woefulness of the round of existences. So,
such words do not carry any significant meaning from a truly religious point of view. The
Buddha rejects giving emphasis on these mundane terms but expounds the Four
Foundations of Steadfast Mindfulness (
SatipaÔÔhÈna
), the Four Earnest Endeavours
(
SammappadhÈna
), etc. in detail which have the effect of gaining release from the round of