THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1130
faculties such as faith are functioning in a balanced way. Now, the five factors of
jhÈna
,
viz. initial application of the mind, sustained application of the mind, delightful
satisfaction, happiness and one-pointedness of mind, arise simultaneously at every thought
moment with the great meritorious consciousness (
mahÈ
kusala citta
) of the contemplation
on the Buddha which is mental cultivation pertaining to the Sensuous Sphere (
kÈma-vacara
bhÈvanÈ
). Thus, neighbourhood concentration or threshold concentration (
upacÈra-jhÈna
) is
achieved. When this concentration arises together with the great meritorious consciousness
of the contemplation of the Buddha, which is mental cultivation pertaining to the Sensuous
Sphere, the meditator is called one who has achieved
upacÈra-jhÈna
of the contemplation
of the Buddha.
(Contemplation of the Buddha can, at best, reach the level of threshold or
neighbourhood concentration (
upacÈra-jhÈna
) pertaining to the Sensuous Sphere
only, and not
appana
(
r|pÈ-vacara
)
jhÈna
. Why is it so? It is because the attributes
of the Buddha are ultimate
dhammas
and are too profound to be fully concentrated
up to the
appanÈ-jhÈna
stage. It is like a vessel that cannot remain stable on very
deep waters.)
It might then be asked: ‚In contemplating the attributes of the Buddha, the names of the
ultimate
dhamma
s of the nine attributes, such as ArahaÑ, etc. are still made objects of
contemplation. Why are these names said to be ultimate
dhamma
s?‛ The answer is, again,
that the attributes of the Buddha are so profound that, although at the initial stage of
meditation, these names (such as
arahaÑ
) are made as objects of meditation, when
concentration is developed, the mind passes on from mere names to ultimate reality.
Again, one might further ask: ‚Are not some ultimate
dhamma
s such as the first non-
material consciousness (
paÔhamÈ-ruppa viÒÒÈÓa
) used as object of meditation and
appanÈ
jhÈna
, such as the second non-material
jhÈna
, achieved thereby?‛ That is true, but that is a
case of single object of meditation. The attributes of the Buddha are not a single object.
They are a complex variety. So the comparison is not valid.
It may then be questioned: ‚A yogi contemplating on the thirty-two aspects or parts of the
body, although starting with a number of them, after concentration becomes developed,
fixes his mind on a single aspect or part only and achieves the first Fine Material JhÈna.
Then why is the same process not true in the case of the contemplation of the Buddha?‛
This is not an appropriate analogy. For, although there are as many as thirty-two aspects or
parts of the body, all of them have a single reality, which is loathsomeness of the body
which truly becomes the object of meditation leading to achievement of
appanÈ-jhÈna
. In
the case of the attributes of the Buddha, they are replete with meaning in a variety of ways,
and hence concentration achievable belongs only to the Sensuous Sphere, and only up to
upacÈra-jhÈna
stage.
‚Why not concentrate on only one of the nine attributes then?‛
The answer is: when concentration becomes developed, the attributes of the Buddha are
comprehended by the yogi so that he cannot fix his mind on any one of them only because
his faith grows so much as to know no bounds.
Benefits of Contemplation of The Buddha
A virtuous one, who repeatedly contemplates the attributes of the Buddha, has
exceptional esteem of Him which is comparable to the
ariyas
' devotion to Him. Repeated
recollection of the Buddha develops his mind such that he has a stable mindfulness. The
profundity of the Buddha's attributes, on which his mind is trained, makes him a person of
profound wisdom. The nine attributes in themselves are the fertile field for sowing merit,
therefore constant recollection of them is highly meritorious.
Reflection on the Buddha is a mental exercise conducive to delightful satisfaction (
pÊti
),
one of the even factors of Enlightenment. The yogi becomes possessed of much delightful
satisfaction, first of the feeble kind but, later, of an ecstatic kind. The mindfulness that
dwells on the attributes of the Buddha overcomes fear, therefore the yogi becomes
indifferent to fear and dread, great or small. Since this mental exercise has the nature of