THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1122
(
purisadamma
, those beings deserving to be tamed;
sarathi
, tamer, i.e. skilful teacher
or instructor). Those deserving to be tamed include devas, humans and BrahmÈs. For
example, the Buddha tamed
nÈga
kings, namely, ApalÈla, C|Äodara, Mahodara,
Aggisikha, Dh|masikha, and AravÈÄa, DhanapÈla the elephant king, etc. and made
them leave their savagery and get established in the Three Refuges. Then the Buddha
tamed Saccaka the wandering ascetic, son of NigaÓÔha; AmbaÔÔha, the young man;
Brahmins PokkharasÈti, SoÓadanta and K|Ôadanta, etc. He also tamed powerful
devas, such as ΀avaka, S|ciloma, Kharaloma and even Sakka, the King of Devas.
The Buddha not only tamed individuals from their savage stage into His disciples, but
also uplifted those virtuous persons who had had purity of morality to attain the first
jhÈna
,
or the
ariyas
who were Stream-enterers, to attain the three higher
magga
s by showing the
method of training. So His 'taming' also includes leading already half tamed persons to
arahatship. Therefore,
PurisadammasÈrathi
means making savage beings to be established
in the lower morality, and to guide those possessed of lower morality (i.e. half tamed) to
attain the higher benefits leading to
arahatta-phala
. This knowledge of instructing others is
the attribute of
dammasÈrathi.
The five aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of this
attribute.
In the combined interpretation of
annutaro
and
purisadammasÈrathi
, only a single
attribute is counted, to mean ‚the Buddha, who is unrivalled in taming those who are
untamed‛. To explain this: when a horse tamer trains a horse, he does not and cannot train
it into the desired state in a day. He has to train it over many days repeatedly. (The same
holds true with other animals, such as elephants, bullocks, etc.) Even when a horse is
supposed to be tamed it is not free from pranks. (The same holds true with other animals.)
But the Buddha can tame a person at one sitting (i.e. in the course of one dialogue) to attain
the eight
vimokkha-jhÈnas
or attain
arahatta-phala
. When the disciple has attained
arahatta-phala
he becomes completely tamed never showing any more mad frolics.
Therefore the Buddha is unrivalled in taming the untamed persons. The knowledge of
tutoring untutored (i.e. ignorant) persons is the attribute of
anuttaropurisadammasÈrathi
;
the five aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of this attribute.
(7) SatthÈdevaman|ssÈnaÑ
This means the Buddha who guides devas and humans to gain for themselves the benefits
at present, the benefits in the future, and the ultimate benefit of NibbÈna. This is indeed so.
The Buddha teaches, exhorts and instructs all beings to gain present benefits for some; to
gain benefit in future existences, for others and to attain the ultimate benefit of NibbÈna,
for others; each according to his or her sufficiency of past merit. Therefore the knowledge
in helping devas and humans to gain present benefits, benefits in the future, and the benefit
of NibbÈna is the attribute of
satthÈdeva-manussÈnaÑ
. The five aggregates of the Buddha
is the possessor of this attribute.
Another explanation: The Buddha is like the master of a caravan, hence He is called
SatthÈdeva-manusÈnaÑ
.
To explain it further:
A wise leader of a caravan conducts the caravan safely over a difficult and dangerous
journey. There are five kinds of difficult and dangerous journeys, namely, (i) a journey
notorious for highway robbers; (ii) a journey through wild country where ferocious beasts,
such as lions or tigers, roam; (iii) a barren stretch of land where food resources are not
available; (iv) a journey over parched country with no water resources and (v) a journey
passing through a country infested with
yakkhas
(demons). Just as a good leader of a
caravan safely conducts the caravan through the above five kinds of hazardous journey, so
also the Buddha gives protection to the way-farers of the journey of life against the hazards
of journey marked by rebirth, aging, disease and death, grief, lamentation, physical pain,
sorrow and anguish, lust (attachment), hatred, bewilderment, conceit, wrong view and
demeritorious acts, and conducts them to the safety of NibbÈna. Therefore, the Doctrine of
the Buddha which lead beings to NibbÈna is the attribute of
satthÈdeva-manussÈnaÑ
; the