Chapter 42
person is of evil disposition or of noble disposition.
Further, the Buddha knows the degree of disposition in each individual, such as whether
it is high, or lower, or lowest. For disposition depends on the degree of faith, endeavour,
mindfulness, concentration, and knowledge, which are the Five Faculties.
Thus the Buddha knows fully about living beings in respect of the four proclivities
(
Èsaya
), the seven latent tendencies (
anusaya
); the three volitional activities
(
abhisa~khÈras
) or the six types of habitual conduct (
carita
), and the types and degrees of
leaning or disposition (
adhimutti
).
(3) Just as the Buddha has complete knowledge of the world of living beings, he also has
complete knowledge of the world of non-living things – the places where living
beings have their abodes, such as the world-systems (
cakkavÈÄa
), mansions, forests and
mountains, etc.
Here is the explanation:
A world-system called
CakkavÈÄa
or
LokadhÈtu
is bounded on four sides with tall
mountains like a stone fencing. (
cakka
, circular;
vÈÄa
, encircling ring of mountains.) The
term
CakkavÈÄa
comes to be so called because it is a world-system encircled by rocky
mountains. A world-system is 1,203,450 (one million two hundred and three thousand, four
hundred and fifty)
yojanas
from east to west, and from south to north. The circumference
of this world-system is 3,610,350 (three million six hundred and ten thousand, three
hundred and fifty)
yojanas
.
In a world-system, the earth's thickness is 240,000 (two hundred and forty thousand)
yojanas
, the upper half of it being earth and the lower half being rock in structure.
The earth is supported by a mass of water which is 480,000 (four hundred and eighty
thousand)
yojanas
in thickness. Beneath the mass of water there is the mass of air which is
960,000 (nine hundred and sixty thousand)
yojanas
supporting it. And beneath the mass of
air is the infinite expanse of space. This is the foundational structure of a world-system.
At the centre of the earth's surface, there arises Mount Sineru. The lower part of which is
submerged in the ocean that is 84,000 (eighty-four thousand)
yojanas
deep and rises 84,000
(eighty-fourth thousand)
yojanas
above the water.
(1) Encircling Mount Sineru, there is the first ring of mountains called Yugandhara, (half)
of which 42,000 (forty-two thousand)
yojanas
is submerged in the ocean and (half) of
which 42,000 (forty-two thousand)
yojanas
rises up above the water.
(2) Beyond (the first) ring of Yugandhara mountains, there is the (second) ring of
mountains called ¢sadhara of which 21,000 (twenty-one thousand)
yojanas
is
submerged in the ocean and 21,000 (twenty-one thousand)
yojanas
rises up above the
water.
(3) Beyond the (second) ring of ¢sadhara mountains, there is the (third) ring of mountains
called KaravÊka of which 10,500 (ten thousand and five hundred)
yojanas
is submerged
in the ocean and 10,500 (ten thousand and five hundred)
yojanas
rises up above the
water.
(4) Beyond the (third) ring of KaravÊka mountains, there is the (fourth) ring of mountains
called Sudassana of which 5,250 (five thousand two hundred and fifty)
yojanas
is
submerged in the water and 5,250 (five thousand two hundred and fifty)
yojanas
rises
up above the water.
(5) Beyond the (fourth) ring of Sudassana mountains, there is the (fifth) ring of mountains
called Nemindhara of which 2,625 (two thousand six hundred and twenty-five)
yojanas
is submerged in the ocean and 2,625 (two thousand six hundred and twenty-five)
yojanas
rises up above the water.
(6) Beyond the (fifth) ring of Nemindhara mountains, there is the (sixth) ring of mountains
called Vinataka of which 1,312 (thirteen hundred and twelve)
yojanas
is submerged in
the ocean and 1,312 (thirteen hundred and twelve)
yojanas
rises up above the water.