Chapter 42
(1) The Buddha has full knowledge about the conditioned world in that He knows it (i) as
a single factor that causes all conditioned things; (ii) as two conditioned things, mind
and matter; (iii) as three conditioned things in the three kinds of sensation; (iv) as four
conditioned things in the four conditional factors,
ÈhÈra
; (v) as five conditioned things
in the five aggregates that are clung to; (vi) as six conditioned things in the internal
sense-bases; (vii) as seven conditioned things in the seven stations of consciousness;
(viii) as eight conditioned things in the eight worldly conditions; (ix) as nine
conditioned things in the nine bases of existence for beings; (x) as ten conditioned
things in the ten corporeal sense-bases; (xi) as twelve conditioned things in the twelve
sense bases; (xii) as eighteen conditioned things in the eighteen elements.
(2) Just as the Buddha has full knowledge of the conditioned world, so also He knows
fully about the world of living beings in that: (a) He knows the proclivities of
individuals,
Èsaya
. (b) He knows the latent tendencies in individuals,
anusaya
. (c) He
knows the habitual conduct of individuals,
carita
. (d) He knows the leanings or
dispositions of individuals,
adhimutti
. He knows individuals who have little dust of
defilements in their eye of wisdom, and he knows individuals who have a thick layer
of dust of defilements in their eye of wisdom. He knows individuals who have sharp
faculties such as conviction, and he knows individuals who have dull faculties. He
knows individuals who have a natural desire for liberation and individuals who have
little desire for liberation. He knows individuals who are endowed with righteousness
such as conviction and wisdom that facilitate them to win Path knowledge, and
individuals not so endowed. He knows individuals who are free from drawbacks in
their previous deeds, defilements and resultants that mar the attainment of Path
knowledge and individuals not so free.
(a)
Œsaya
(Proclivities)
Œsaya
means the mental bent or disposition of individuals. For example, a forest deer
is naturally bent to live in the forest; he may go out to the fields to graze but his home
is the forest. Similarly, individuals attend their mind to various sense objects but, after
wandering about from object to object, the mind of those who are bent on faring in the
round of existences remain in wrong views, whereas the mind of those who are bent on
liberation from the round of existences, are pure, and remain in knowledge. So wrong
views and knowledge are called
Èsaya
(proclivities).
The proclivity of wrong views,
diÔÔhi-Èsaya
, is again of two kinds: the proclivity towards
the wrong view of annihilation,
uccheda-diÔÔhi
, and the proclivity towards the wrong view
of eternalism,
sassata-diÔÔhi
.
The proclivity of knowledge,
paÒÒÈ-Èsaya
, also is of two kinds: Insight-knowledge
tending to Path-knowledge,
vipassanÈ paÒÒÈ-Èsaya
, and Path-knowledge itself which is the
knowledge in seeing things as they really are,
yathÈbhuta ÒÈÓa-Èsaya
.
In knowing the proclivities of individuals, the Buddha knows: (i) that this individual is
bent on faring in the round of existences and has a proclivity towards the wrong view of
annihilation; (ii) that this individual is bent on faring in the round of existences and has a
proclivity towards the wrong view of eternalism; (iii) that this individual is bent on
liberation from the round of existences, a pure being, and has Insight-knowledge; and (iv)
that this individual is bent on liberation from the round of existences and has Path-
knowledge.
(b)
Anusaya
(Latent Tendencies)
These are defilements that have not been eradicated by
magga-ÒÈÓa
and are liable to
arise perceptibly whenever circumstances prevail. These
anusayas
are of seven kinds.
They are called the elements of latent tendencies. They are: (i)
KÈmarÈgÈnusaya
, the
seed element of greed, (ii)
BhavarÈgÈnusaya
, the seed element of attachment to
existence, (iii)
PaÔighÈnusaya
, the seed element of hatred, (iv)
MÈnÈnusaya
, the seed
element of conceit, (v)
DiÔÔhÈnusaya
, the seed element of wrong view, (vi)
VicikicchÈnusaya
, the seed element of uncertainty, (vii)
AvijjÈnusaya
, the seed element