THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1116
Volume II).
(5) Lokavid|
Loka
, the five aggregate that are clung to (
upÈdÈna-khanadha
); (in another sense),
the world of sentient beings (
satta-loka
), the world of conditioned, phenomena,
(
sa~khÈra-loka
), the world as the bases of various planes of existence (
okÈsa-loka
).
Vidu
, the one who has analytical knowledge and complete comprehension.
The Visuddhi-magga explains
lokavid|
in two ways:
(1) Under the first method,
loka
is interpreted as the five aggregates that are clung to.
These five are understood: (a) as being woeful (
dukkha
), (b) as originating in craving
(
taÓhÈ
), (c) as ceasing when NibbÈna is realized and (d) that the Ariya Path is the true
path leading to NibbÈna, the cessation of the aggregates. Thus
lokavid|
means the
Buddha that has complete knowledge about the five aggregates that are clung to.
In knowing about the world of the five aggregates that are clung to, the Buddha knows
not only the five aggregates but knows them in their four aspects that make His
knowledge complete and perfect. The four aspects are: (a) He understands that the five
aggregates that are clung to are woeful indeed (
dukkha
); (b) He understands the
originating aspect of these five aggregates, that craving is the origin of the five
aggregates; (c) He understands NibbÈna, the cessation aspect of the five aggregates; (d)
He understands the way leading to cessation, i.e. the Ariya Path. Thus the Buddha has
a complete understanding of the five aggregates that are clung to. That is why the
Buddha is called
Lokovid|.
Under the first method, the complete all-round knowledge
from the four aspects of the five aggregates of clinging is the attribute of
lokavid|.
The five aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of that attribute.
(2) Although the first method of interpretation is complete about the world of the five
aggregates, the method does not describe
loka
fully yet. Therefore, the Commentary
gives a second interpretation.
Under the second method,
loka
is taken to mean the world of sentient beings (
satta-
loka
), the world of conditioned phenomena (
sa~khÈra-loka
) and the world constituting
the bases for the various planes of existence (
okÈsa-loka
).
Loka
means that which rises
and falls, that undergoes rises and falls. In Abhidhamma point of view, the aggregates
of living things are called
indriyabaddha-khandÈ
(the aggregates connected with
faculties). The aggregates of non-living things are called
anindriyabaddha-khandhÈ
(the aggregates divested of faculties).
a) The aggregates of living things are liable to attachment to visible objects, etc. and
hence called
Satta
. Since these aggregates form the bases of merit or demerit that
rise and fall, they are (also) called (
Loka
). Thus, we have the term
satta-loka
.
b) The aggregates of non-living things, such as the infinite world-systems
(
cakkavÈÄa
), the bases of sentient existence (
bh|mi
) and mansions, etc. are the
bases where sentient beings exist, whether they are liable to get frightened as in
the case of worldlings, Stream-Enterers and Once-Returners, or are free from fear
as in the case of Non-Returners and
arahats
, and are called
OkÈsa
. And since
these bases are the places where sentient beings rise and fall, they are called
Loka
.
Thus we have the term
okÈsa-loka
.
c) Both the living things and non-living things are conditioned by causes and are
called
Sa~khÈra
. The world is subject to rising and falling, and hence called
Loka
.
Thus we have the term
sa~khÈra-loka
. This
sa~khÈra-loka
is fully understood by
the Buddha.
We shall expand on this as explained in the Visuddhi-magga: (2) ‚
Eko loko sabbe sattÈ
ÈhÈraÔhitikÈ ——
all beings have each its own conditioning factors; this is a world in itself‛
(
PaÔisambhidÈ-magga
quoted here). Therefore,
loka
here means
sa~khÈra-loka
. (This is
because although reference is made to all beings, the crucial point here is the conditioned
nature which is causing the rise and fall of all beings.)