THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1110
2a.m., to recuperate His energy; the remaining twenty hours are spent in meditation
and
bhikkhu
practice.
(v - xi): The Seven Properties of virtuous persons:
(v) Confidence in the Triple Gem,
saddhÈ
.
(vi) Mindfulness,
sati
.
(vii) Sense of shame to do evil,
hirÊ
(viii) Sense of horror to do evil,
ottapa
.
(ix) Wide learning (of the doctrine),
bÈhusacca
.
(x) Diligence,
vÊriya
.
(xi) Knowledge,
paÒÒÈ
.
(xii - xv) The four Fine Material Sphere
JhÈnas
: These refer to the four
jhÈnas
of the
Fine Material Sphere under the fourfold reckoning of jhÈnas.
(The above fifteen forms of perfect practice of morality lead straight to NibbÈna, the
Deathless Element, which as worldlings, the disciples never have realized before. Hence
they are called
CaraÓa
.
Knowledge (
vijjÈ
) and perfect practice of morality (
caraÓa
) are complementary to each
other. The former is like the eyes, whereas the latter is like the legs. To get to a desired
place the eyes without the legs cannot accomplish it any more than the legs without the
eyes. Therefore, knowledge and perfect practice of morality should be cultivated
together.
(It might be asked: ‚Are not knowledge and perfect practice of morality attainable by the
ariya-
disciples?‛ The answer is yes and no. The
ariyas
can attain them but they cannot be
said to have the attribute of
vijjÈcaraÓa
sampaÒÒÈ
which belongs to the Buddha alone for
the reasons given below:
There are two factors in this attribute, they are, being accomplished in knowledge, and
being accomplished in perfect practice of morality. The Buddha's accomplishment of
knowledge is the source of Omniscience. His accomplishment of perfect practice of
morality is the source of His being the Compassionate One. Being thus accomplished in
two ways, the Buddha, by His knowledge, knows what is beneficial to each individual
being and what is not. Further, the Buddha, by His perfect practice of morality, extends
His Compassion on all beings to cause them to abstain from what is not beneficial to
them and to adopt what is beneficial to them. His accomplishment of knowledge and
accomplishment of perfect practice of morality, therefore, together make His Teaching
the doctrine of liberation. It also ensures His disciples that their practice is the righteous,
correct practice.)
Therefore, the accomplishment of knowledge and the accomplishment of perfect practice
of morality combined together are called the attribute of
VijjÈcaraÓa Sampanno
. The mind-
body continuum of the five aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of this attribute.
(Here go back to the meaning of this attribute given earlier on to ponder on it and recite it.)
(4) Sugato
The Commentary explains this attribute in four ways:
(a)
Su
, well;
gata
, gone. Thus the going, i.e. the attaining of the Ariya Path, hence the
‚One who has attained the Ariya Paths‛ is the first meaning. The Ariya Path is
faultless or flawless and therefore is magnificent. Therefore, the Buddha is called
sugata
because He proceeds to the haven from all dangers, by the magnificent Path,
in an unattached attitude. (Under this interpretation, the Ariya Path is the attribute and
the mind-body continuum of the five aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of
that attribute.)
(b)
Su
, NibbÈna, the excellent goal;
gala
: proceeds there by means of knowledge.
NibbÈna is the excellent goal because it is the end of all strife and is the Ultimate