Chapter 42
the hearers on each occasion.
The Three Knowledges:
(i)
Knowledge of past existences (
pubbenivÈsa-ÒÈÓa
): By this knowledge, the Buddha
can see the past existences of Himself and other beings.
(ii)
Knowledge of the deva eye (
dibbacakkhu-ÒÈÓa
): By this knowledge, the Buddha can
see things at far away places, things concealed, and things too subtle for the ordinary
human eyes to see.
(iii)
Knowledge of the extinction of moral intoxicants (
Èsavakkhaya-ÒÈÓa
): This is
arahatta-phala-ÒÈÓa
which extinguishes all the four moral intoxicants
The Eight Knowledges:
(i)
to (iii) as above and
(iv)
Insight Knowledge (
vipassanÈ-ÒÈÓa
): Understanding the impermanence, woefulness
and unsubstantiality of all conditioned mental and physical phenomena.
(v)
Psychic power of the mind (manomayiddhi-ÒÈÓa): Power to assume various forms
through mastery of mind accomplished by jhÈna practice.
(vi)
Multifarious kinds of psychic power (
iddhividha-ÒÈÓa
): Power to conjure up great
numbers of various forms, human or otherwise.
(vii)
Knowledge of the Deva Ear (
dibbasota-ÒÈÓa
): Power to hear sounds from far away
places, sounds muffled up and sounds too subtle to hear by the ordinary human ear.
(viii)
Knowledge of reading the mind of others (
cetopariya-ÒÈÓa
): The Buddha can know
the mind of others in sixteen different ways.
Of the above eight knowledges, the fourth knowledge, Insight Knowledge, is knowledge
pertaining to the sensuous sphere. The third knowledge, knowledge of extinction of
Èsavas
is supramundane knowledge. The remaining six knowledges pertain to the Fine Material
Sphere jhÈnic powers called (
r|pÈvacara
kriyÈ abhiÒÒÈ ÒÈÓa
.)
The Fifteen Forms of Perfect Practice of Morality, Carana.
(i) Morality of restraint
(
sÊla saÓvara
): Observance of
bhikkhu
precepts of restraint,
PÈtimokkha SaÓvara SÊla
.
(ii) Control of the faculties
(
indriyesugutta dvÈratÈ
): Keeping watch over the doors of
eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind with constant mindfulness so as not to allow
any demeritoriousness to enter.
(iii) Knowing the proper extent regarding food
(
bojane matanutÈ
): Knowing the proper
extent in receiving alms-food and in enjoying it. In receiving alms-food, the Buddha
considers the degree of devotion of the donor. If the devotion is strong but the gift
is small, the Buddha does not scorn the gift for its smallness but accepts it. On the
hand, if the gift is big but the donor's devotion is weak, the Buddha accepts only a
small amount of the gift, considering the weak devotion of the donor. If the gift is
big and the donor's devotion is strong, the Buddha accepts just an appropriate
amount to satisfy His need. This is called knowing the proper extent regarding
acceptance of
alms-food
. In enjoying the food thus collected, the Buddha never eats
to the full but stops four or five morsels short of filling His stomach. More
important, He never takes food without cultivating the
bhikkhu's
contemplation
while eating.
(iv) Wakefulness
(
jÈgariyÈ nuyoga
): Wakefulness does not mean not just remaining
without sleep. The Buddha spends the whole day; during the first watch of the night
and the last watch of the night in meditation, while walking or sitting, thus keeping
away the hindrances. This purposeful waking is called wakefulness. Out of twenty-
four hours in a day, the Buddha sleeps just four hours, i.e. between 10p.m. and