THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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Reflecting thus, the Bodhisatta should earnestly strive to purify his morality.
(This is the detailed treatment of reflecting on the Perfection of Morality.)
3. Detailed Treatment of Reflecting on The Perfection of Renunciation
The Bodhisatta should reflect on the disadvantages of a household life which is restricted
with duties towards one's wife and children, and on the advantages of the life of a
bhikkhu
,
which, like space, is free and vast being exempted from such obligations.
As explained in the Dukkhakkhandha Sutta (of the Majjhima NikÈya) one should dwell
upon the fact that sensual objects are more of worry and lamentation than of enjoyment
and so on; upon suffering from contact with heat, cold, gadflies, mosquitoes, flies, wind,
sun, reptiles, fleas, insects, etc., while in quest of sense objects, as motivated by sense-
desires; upon pain and distress when one's laborious quest for sense objects ends up
fruitless; upon worry and anxiety for their security against the five enemies after they have
been acquired; upon great suffering caused by terrible wars waged through desire for sense
objects; upon the thirty-two kinds of severe punishment (
kamma-kÈraÓa
) meted out in this
life to those who have committed crimes through sense-desires; upon terrible suffering in
the life beyond in the four realms of miserable existences.
(This is the detailed treatment of reflecting on the Perfection of Renunciation.)
4. Detailed Treatment of Reflecting on The Perfection of Wisdom
"Without wisdom, such Perfections as Generosity, etc., cannot become pure; and volition
for giving, volition for observing morality, etc., cannot perform their respective functions."
In this manner, one should reflect on the attributes of wisdom.
Without life, this bodily mechanism loses its significance and cannot function properly.
Without consciousness, the sense faculties of eye, ear, etc., cannot perform their respective
functions of seeing, hearing, etc. Similarly, the faculties of faith, energy, etc., cannot do
their respective duties effectively in the absence of wisdom. Therefore, wisdom is the main
and chief cause for the fulfilment of Perfections, such as generosity, etc.
How Wisdom helps Fulfilment of Other Perfections
(a)
Because they keep their eyes of wisdom always open, Bodhisattas, when giving
away their limbs and organs, they do so without extolling themselves or
disparaging others. (As mentioned above) like the great medicine-tree, they give
without developing wrong thoughts, and are always filled with joy in the past,
present and future.
Only when endowed with wisdom does one become equipped with
upÈya-kosalla ÒÈÓa
and gives for the benefit of others; and only such an act of generosity is a genuine
perfection. (Without wisdom, one is likely to give with the motivation of self-interest;
such an act of generosity for one's own benefit is like earning interest for oneself from
an investment.)
(b)
Morality without wisdom but overwhelmed by greed, ill-will, etc., cannot achieve
purity, much less serve as foundation of Omniscience.
(c)
Only a person of wisdom discerns faults in the household state and benefits of an
ascetic life, faults in sensuous pleasures and benefits of attaining
jhÈnas
, faults in
saÑsÈra
and benefits of NibbÈna. Discerning thus, he goes forth into
homelessness, develops
jhÈnas
and realizes for himself NibbÈna. He can then help
others to go forth and get established in
jhÈna
and NibbÈna.
(d)
Energy without wisdom is wrong striving; it does not serve the purpose desired.
(It is better not to strive at all than to make wrong application of energy.) When
accompanied by wisdom, it becomes right endeavour achieving the required
object.
(e)
Only a person of wisdom can bear with patience wrongs done by others; for one
devoid of wisdom, offensive actions by others incite in him unwholesome state,
such as ill-will, etc., which go against forbearance. For the wise, such wrongs help