Chapter 41
Vinaya rules: (i)
AkappiyasamÈdÈna
, taking upon oneself improper activity which is liable
to
dukkaÔa
offence; and (ii)
KhurabaÓÉa pariharaÓa
, keeping up the outfit of a barber by
one who had been a barber which is also liable to
dukkaÔa
of offence.
He also enjoined the
bhikkhus
from accepting Bhikkhu Subhadda's rice gruel in these
words:
‚
Bhikkhus
, you have spent millions and millions of aeons in search of food. The food
now offered by Bhikkhu Subhadda is improper for
bhikkhus
. If you take this food, you will
suffer in the four miserable states for thousands of existences.
Bhikkhus
, move away. Do
not accept the food.‛ After saying so, the Buddha proceeded to the alms-collecting area of
the town. None of the
bhikkhus
accepted any of the thick gruel that Bhikkhu Subhadda
offered.
Bhikkhu Subhadda was greatly disappointed: ‚This SamaÓa goes about declaring: ‘I am
Omniscient.’ If He could not accept my offering, He ought to send someone to say so. My
food is totally spoilt and wasted. Cooked food cannot last seven days at the most. If it were
not yet cooked the provisions could have lasted for my whole life. This SamaÓa has ruined
me. He is inimical (antagonistic) to me.‛ Thus ruminated Bhikkhu Subhadda. He bore a
grudge against the Buddha. But he knew that: ‘This SamaÓa Gotama comes from the
Sakyans, a superior social class. If I were to say anything, I could only face oppression,’
and so he did not murmur while the Buddha was alive.
Now that he heard the news that the Buddha was no more, he felt at ease and was greatly
pleased. Hence his vulgar remarks.
Venerable MahÈ Kassapa's Plan
On hearing the wild remarks uttered by Bhikkhu Subhadda, Venerable MahÈ Kassapa was
very concern. It was as though his heart was dealt a blow, or as though he was struck by
thunder on the head. ‚Alas, barely seven days have passed since the Teacher passed away.
His golden-hued body is still in existence. How soon has such a bad
bhikkhu
, the scum of
the religion, the thorn to the Order of Bhikkhus arisen to threaten the existence of the
Teaching that the BhagavÈ had so painfully set up. If such a
bhikkhu
were to be left
unchecked the number of his kind would grow to the detriment of the Teaching.‛ Thus an
emotional religious awakening occurred to the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa.
Then the idea of convening a Council of Bhikkhus to recite and approve the Doctrine was
conceived by him, through the thoughts described as follows:
‚If I were to expel, on the spot, this old
bhikkhu
, who is a later life entrant to the
Order, deriding him and sprinkling his body with ash, the people would say: ‘Even
when the remains of SamaÓa Gotama are still in existence, His disciples are already
in disharmony.’ I must, therefore, hold my patience.
‚For the teachings of the BhagavÈ are at present like a big heap of flowers not
strung into garlands. Just as a lose heap of flowers could very well be blown away
in all directions by winds, as time passes on and on,
bhikkhus
of Subhadda's sort
would work havoc to the Vinaya PiÔaka by one or two rescissions at first, the
Suttanta PiÔaka would be diminished by revocation, at first of one or two dialogues;
the Abhidhamma PiÔaka would suffer by omission of one or two of the ultimate
things, at first out of the existing doctrines, such as things pertaining to the
Sensuous Sphere, things pertaining to the Fine Material Sphere, things pertaining to
the Non-Material Sphere, and things Supramundane. In this manner, the
disappearance of the Teaching would come about,
piÔaka
by
piÔaka
, in turn. If the
Teaching rooted in the Suttanta, the Vinaya and the Abhidhamma were to
disappear, we (i.e. all the world) would have nothing to stand on: Where the
branches of a tree are cut off, the guardian spirit of that tree can dwell in the stem
of the tree; if the stem is destroyed the spirit can dwell in the roots; but if the roots
are destroyed then the spirit will be rendered homeless. If the three Baskets
(
piÔakas
) were to disappear, there would be nothing that the followers of the
Buddha could point out as their religion.‛