Chapter 40
who had the affront to declare that since the Buddha was no more,
bhikkhus
were
free to conduct themselves as they pleased. The Subhadda, in our story here, is a
wondering ascetic, not a naked ascetic, who came of a well known rich brahmin
family, who was the last person that was enlightened in the Teaching of Buddha
Gotama.
The reason for Subhadda's idea to meet the Buddha at the eleventh hour may be due to his
past merit which had the potential which entitled him to gain enlightenment only at such a
late moment.
The peculiar nature of Subhadda's past merit will be discussed now. In one of their
previous existences, there were two cultivator brothers who were both charitable. But the
elder brother had a desire to give in charity at every stage of the cultivation of paddy which
had nine different stages. Thus, when the paddy plants were being sown, he set aside some
of the seeds for giving away in charity, which he cooked and made a ‘
seed-rice offering’
of
them; when the paddy crop began to turn into rice, he consulted with his younger brother to
extract the milky juice of the formative rice and give away in charity. The idea was not
acceptable by the younger brother who said: ‚Brother, why do you wish to spoil the young
rice?‛
Thereupon, the elder brother, to be able to carry out his desire, divided the field equally
with the younger brother and extracted the milky juice of the forming rice from his portion
of the field, boiled it with ghee and clear top oil from sesame, and give away in charity as
‘The earliest-stage rice offering.’
When the rice took solid grain shape, he pounded it and
prepared
‘soft rice-flakes offering’
. When it was time for harvesting, he made
‘harvesting-
time rice offering’
. When bundles of rice plants were made, he selected the earliest bound
plants into
‘bundle-time rice offering’
. When the bundles of rice plants were piled up on the
threshing ground, he made the rice from the earliest-piled bundles into
‘bundled-heap rice
offering’
. When the threshing of the bundles began, he selected the first bundles to be
threshed, took the rice and made an offering of
‘threshing-time rice offering’
. After the rice
grains were collected from the threshing floor and heaped up, he selected the earliest
samples of the heap and made a
‘paddy-heap rice offering’
. When the rice grains were put
into the granary, he took the earliest samples and made a
‘granary-time rice offering’
. In
that manner, he made rice offerings of rice for every cultivating season.
As for the younger brother, he made his rice offering only after the harvested rice was
garnered.
In their last existences, the elder brother was reborn as KoÓdaÒÒa in the time of Buddha
Gotama. When the Buddha viewed the world: ‚Who would deserve the privilege of hearing
the first sermon?‛ He saw KondaÒÒa who in his previous existence had made nine various
offerings of rice for every cultivating season. Therefore, KoÓdaÒÒa (one of the five
ascetics) deserved to have the privilege of hearing the first sermon entitled Dhammacakka-
pavattana Sutta. Thus KoÓdaÒÒa, who was the first human disciple to realize the Dhamma,
was called AÒÈnasi KoÓdaÒÒa —— ‘KoÓdaÒÒa who has understood,’ who became a stream
winner along with eighty crores of Brahmans at the end of the first Sermon.
As for the younger brother, as the result of making late offerings, the thought of seeing
the Buddha came to his mind only at the last hour. (Refer to Commentary on DÊgha
NikÈya).
When the time to reap the fruit of his previous merit arrived at last, Subhadda
remembered the Buddha. He lost no time to go to the Sal grove. He approached the
Venerable Œnanda and said:
‚O Venerable Œnanda, I have heard from elderly wandering ascetics, who are
teachers, teachers of teachers, that the Homage-worthy, Perfectly Self-Enlightened
TathÈgatas arise in the world only once in a very long time. Tonight, in the last
watch of the night, the ParinibbÈna of the SamaÓa Gotama will take place, A
certain problem, an uncertainty has arisen in my mind, and I am fully confident
that the Samana Gotama will be able to teach the Doctrine to me so that this