Chapter 40
stupa in their memory. They are:
i) A TathÈgata, the Homage-worthy, and Perfectly Self-Enlightened,
ii) A Paccekabuddha;
iii) An
Ariya
disciple of a TathÈgata;
iv) A Universal Monarch.
‚Œnanda, on account of what special benefit is a TathÈgata, the Homage-worthy, Perfectly
Self-Enlightened, worthy of a stupa? Œnanda, a stupa, in honour of a TathÈgata, arouses in
the pilgrims, who visit it, a keen sense of devotion, in the reverential thought: ‘This stupa is
a shrine in memory of the Homage-Worthy, Perfectly Self-Enlightened Buddha.’ Having
reverentially recalled the memory of the TathÈgata, after the death and dissolution of their
bodies, these pilgrims will be bound for fortunate destinations. They will be reborn in the
deva realm. Œnanda, it is on account of this special benefit that a TathÈgata, Homage-
worthy, Perfectly Self-Enlightened, is worthy of a stupa.
‚Œnanda, on account of what special benefit is a Paccekabuddha worthy of a stupa?
Œnanda, a stupa in honour of a Paccekabuddha arouses in the pilgrims, who visit it, a keen
sense of devotion, in the reverential thought: 'This stupa is a shrine in memory of a
Paccekabuddha who discovered the four Ariya Truths by Himself (without the guidance of
any Teacher).’ Having reverentially recalled the memory of the Paccekabuddha, after the
death and dissolution of their bodies, these pilgrims will be bound for fortunate
destinations, they will be reborn in the deva realm. Œnanda, it is on account of this special
benefit that a Paccekabuddha is worthy of a stupa.‛
‚Œnanda, on account of what special benefit is an
ariya
disciple worthy of a stupa?
Œnanda, a stupa in honour of an
ariya
disciple arouses in the pilgrims, who visit it, a keen
sense of devotion, in the reverential thought: ‘This stupa is a shrine in memory of an
ariya
disciple of the Homage-worthy, Perfectly Self-Enlightened Buddha.’ Having reverentially
recalled the memory of the
ariya
disciple, after the death and dissolution of their bodies,
these pilgrims will be bound for fortunate destinations; they will be reborn in the deva
realm. Œnanda it is on account of this special benefit that an
ariya
disciple is worthy of a
stupa.‛
‚Œnanda on account of what special benefit is a Universal Monarch worthy of a stupa?
Œnanda, a stupa in honour of a Universal Monarch arouses in the pilgrims, who visit it, a
keen sense of devotion, in the reverential thought: ‘This stupa is a shrine in memory of a
Universal Monarch who lived (and ruled) by righteousness.’ Having reverentially recalled
the memory of the Universal Monarch, after the death and dissolution of their bodies, these
pilgrims will be bound for fortunate destinations; they will be reborn in the deva-world.
Œnanda, it is on account of this special benefit that a Universal Monarch is worthy of a
stupa.‛
‚Œnanda, these are the four types or classes of persons who are worthy of a stupa.‛
These were the questions by the Venerable Œnanda and the detailed answers by the
Buddha.
(In this connection, it might be asked: ‚Why is a Universal Monarch who lives and
dies a lay person is honoured by a stupa whereas a
bhikkhu
, though yet a worldling,
who is possessed of virtue, is not?‛
The answer is that the Buddha did not allow a stupa be built in honour of a
virtuous
bhikkhu
who is still a worldling because that would be too common
practice. For, if virtuous
bhikkhus
were declared by the Buddha to be honoured by
a stupa, even in Sri LankÈ alone, a great many stupas could be built so that these
shrines would be very common. A Universal Monarch is a very rare personage and
a stupa built in his honour will be awe-inspiring. However, although a virtuous
bhikkhu
, who is a worldling, is not honoured by a stupa, he is entitled to funeral
rites on the same scales as the honour that is accorded to an
arahat
at his
ParinibbÈna.)