THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1048
First, remember, (i) the four Great Authorities as taught in the
Suttanta
, (ii) the four
Great Authorities as taught in the Vinaya, (iii) the four types of Questions and Answers,
(iv) the four
Vinayas
and (v) the three Great official Councils.
Then apply them to practical problems thus:
(i) If a
bhikkhu
says: ‚This is the Doctrine, this is the Vinaya, this is the Buddha's
Teaching,‛ citing the authority of the Buddha, or of the Sangha, or of a number of
bhikkhu
-elders, or a certain
bhikkhu
-elder. To decide the veracity of his statement,
apply the test of the four Great Authorities as taught in the
Suttanta
: if only the
statement accords with these four Great Directive Principles, the statement should be
taken as true. Otherwise it must be regarded as mere hearsay, a case of irresponsible
talk.
(ii) Where a certain problem arises as to ‚whether a certain thing is proper for a
bhikkhu
or not,‛ the test is the Four Great Authorities as taught in the
Vinaya MahÈvagga
. (The
Commentary on the
Vinaya MahÈvagga
should be consulted for detailed information
on the subject). If, on examining the subject of controversy or doubt in the light of the
Four Great Authorities taught in the
Vinaya
PiÔaka
, it tends to agree with the rules, it
should be accepted as being proper; otherwise it should be considered as being
improper.
(iii) If a question on the Doctrine arise, as illustrated above, the answer should be
appropriate to the type of question taught as the four Types of Questions.
(iv) Of the four Vinayas, if the assertion by someone is part of the Suttanta PiÔaka i.e. as
contained in the three PiÔakas approved at the Councils, the statement should not be
rejected, for rejection of the PiÔaka amounts to the rejection of the Buddha Himself. If
the assertion is a
SuttÈnuloma
statement, it should be collated with the Suttanta (i.e. the
PÈli TipiÔaka.) If it agrees with the Suttanta, it should be accepted otherwise it should
be rejected. As regards
AriyavÈda
or the miscellaneous exposition, there is the
possibility the commentary not conforming to the PiÔaka due to slackness. Therefore,
ŒriyavÈda
should be collated with the PÈli PiÔaka. Only if it agree with the PÈli then it
should be accepted; otherwise it should be rejected as something carelessly said.
Attanomati
(own opinion) is the weakest of authorities. It is to be accepted only if it
accords with the Suttanta i.e. the PÈli text.
(v) If someone quotes a passage as being part of the PÈli, ‚which had been approved by
the Councils‛, it must conform to the texts approved at the three Great Councils. If it
is not part of the PÈli text approved at the three Great Councils, it is to be regarded as
spurious.
(The above are miscellaneous points to remember.)
While the Buddha was staying at the Œnanda shrine, in the town of Bhoga also, being
thoughtful of His approaching death, He exhorted the
bhikkhus
, where there was occasion
to do so, in the following words:
‚Such is Morality; such is Concentration; such is Wisdom. Concentration
developed through Morality is efficacious and productive. Wisdom developed
through Concentration is efficacious and productive. The mind that is developed
through Wisdom is thoroughly liberated from the moral taints, namely, the taint of
sense desire, the taint of hankering after continued existence, and the taint of
ignorance of the Four Ariya Truths.‛
The Story of Cunda, The Goldsmith's Son
Then after staying at the town of Bhoga for as long as He wished, the Buddha said to the
Venerable Œnanda: ‚Come, Œnanda, let us go to PÈvÈ.‛
‚Very well, Venerable Sir,‛ assented Œnanda. And the Buddha, accompanied by His large
following of
bhikkhus
, went to PÈvÈ where He dwelled in the Mango grove monastery
donated by Cunda, the goldsmith's son.
(Cunda, the goldsmith's son, was a very rich man. From his earlier meeting with