Chapter 40
The Buddha looked back like A Noble Tusker
Then the Buddha, rearranging His robes in the morning, He took His alms-bowl and great
robe and entered the city of VesÈlÊ for the alms-round. After the alms-round, after having
had His meal, He left the place of His meal. On leaving the place, He turned around and
looked back towards VesÈlÊ, like a tusker looking back. Then He said to Venerable Œnanda,
‚Œnanda, this will be the last time the TathÈgata looks on VesÈlÊ. Come, Œnanda, let us go
to BhaÓÉa village.‛
‚Very well, Venerable Sir,‛ assented Œnanda.
(In this matter, the statement about the Buddha ‚
turning around to look back
‛
would need some comment. The Buddha's anatomy is unique among human beings.
Ordinary people have bones joined together by touching at the ends (i.e., end to
end). Paccekabuddhas have bones joined by hooks formed at the end of each bone
(i.e., hook to hook). The Buddha's bone structure is a set of chain-links (i.e., ring to
ring). With the exception of the arms, which consist of twelve big joints and
fingers and toes with smaller joints, all other bones are joined as chain-links. That
is why the Buddha is endowed with the physical might equal to the strength of ten
thousand million tuskers or that of a hundred thousand million men of ordinary
strength.
The bone structure being of chain-links, the Buddha's neck cannot turn back by
itself alone. Therefore, when the Buddha wants to look back, He has to turn back
the whole body, as an elephant does.)
Although it was the Buddha's intention to turn around to look back, due to the
intervention of (the guardian spirit of) the great earth, that act was not actually carried out.
For the great earth, as if unable to bear the sight of the Supreme Being turning around,
rotated itself so that the Buddha stood with His person facing VesÈlÊ. The great earth
intervened as if it were saying: ‚O Great Lord, Your fulfilling of the Perfections has been
unique. So why should there be the need for the BhagavÈ to trouble Himself to turn around
physically just to look back as with other ordinary people?‛ In any case, the expression that
‚
the BhagavÈ turned around to look back like a tusker
‛ was used with reference to the
Buddha's intention to do so.
It might be asked: ‚Why was VesÈlÊ alone being mentioned as the place the BhagavÈ has
His last look at, and not other places, such as SÈvatthi, RÈjagaha, NÈÄanda, PÈÔali village,
KoÔi village, NÈtika village that He had made His last visit? Did the BhagavÈ not look back
on those places as well?‛
The answer is, No. If the Buddha were to look back on these various places, the
uniqueness of the occasion would be lost.
There is also another reason: VesÈlÊ was a doomed city. It was going to be destroyed
after three year from the Buddha's last visit there. The Buddha saw that if He made a
turning around to look back like a noble tusker (on VesÈlÊ), that place would be
commemorated by the LicchavÊ princes, ‚The Noble Tuskers-Turning-Around Shrine‛
which would bring great benefits to them for a long time. That was the object of the
Buddha's decision to turn around to look back on VesÈlÊ.
The Buddha's Discourse at BhaÓÉu Village
Then the Buddha, accompanied by His large company of
bhikkhus
, visited BhaÓÉu village
and took up His residence there. During His sojourn there He discoursed to the
bhikkhus
as
follows:
‚
Bhikkhus
, it is through not having proper understanding and penetrative knowledge of
four Principles that I, as well as yourselves, have had to fare along the long course of the
round of existences (
saÑsÈra
), going through from existence to existence. And the Four
Principles are as follows:
i)
Bhikkhus
, (p1:)
it is through not having proper understanding and penetrative
knowledge of the Ariya Morality, the virtue of the Noble One (Ariya SÊla) (p2:) that