THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1034
world-systems may also be presumed to have taken place.
It might be asked: ‚What benefit did the BhagavÈ see in discoursing on the eight categories
of assemblies?‛ The answer is: The Buddha discoursed on the eight categories of
assemblies to illustrate the fact that He was fearless. Here’s the explanation: After
describing the eight categories of assemblies, the Buddha continued: ‚Œnanda, in going
among those eight assemblies, the TathÈgata had no fear. That being so, how could anyone
say that the TathÈgata was afraid of MÈra who came to Him alone? Œnanda, in
relinquishing the life-maintaining mental process, the TathÈgata did so fearlessly, with
mindfulness and clear comprehension.‛
(These words are contained in the PakiÓÓaka Dhamma DesanÈ PÈli which was not recited
at the Great Council but was quoted by the Commentaries.)
Eight Ways of Mastery of The Mind through Concentration
Then the Buddha continued His discourse without break thus:
‚Œnanda, there are eight ways (
abhibhÈyatana-jhÈnas
) of overcoming the opposite
phenomena and sense objects, i.e. the hindrances that mar clear mental vision (i.e.
concentration). These are:
i) Someone (with an excellent mental capacity or intelligence) after having gained
concentration at the preliminary or preparatory level on the colour of certain parts of
his own body, concentrates his mind on small external forms of his choice (
kasiÓa
objects), which may be either unblemished or blemished (i.e. whose colour may be
either good or bad). His mind gets fixed on these small forms, gains mastery over
them and thus dwells in
appanÈ-jhÈna
. After emerging from the jhÈnic absorption, he
is aware that he knows and sees these forms. This is the first
abhibhÈyatana-jhÈna
.
ii) Some other person (of similar intelligence), after having gained the preliminary
concentration on the colour of certain parts of his own body, concentrates his mind on
big external forms (as
kasiÓa
objects), which may be either unblemished or blemished.
His mind gets fixed on these big objects, gains mastery over them, and thus dwells in
appanÈ-jhÈna
. After emerging from the jhÈnic absorption, he is aware that he knows
and sees these forms. This is the second
abhibhÈyatana-jhÈna
.
iii) Some other person (of similar intelligence), without taking the colour of any part of his
body as an object of preliminary concentration, concentrates on small external objects
(
kasiÓa
objects), which may be either unblemished or blemished, as objects of
preliminary concentration. His mind duly gets fixed on these small forms (as
kasiÓa
objects), gains mastery over them, and thus dwells in
appanÈ-jhÈna
. After emerging
from the jhÈnic absorption, he is aware that he knows and sees these forms. This is the
third
abhibhÈyatana-jhÈna
.
iv) Some other person (of similar intelligence), without taking the colour of his body as an
object of preliminary concentration, concentrates on big external forms (as
kasiÓa
objects), which may be either unblemished or blemished, as objects of preliminary
concentration. His mind duly gets fixed on these big forms, gains mastery over them,
and thus dwells in
appanÈ-jhÈna
. After emerging from the jhÈnic absorption, he is
aware that he knows and sees these forms. This is the fourth
abhibhÈyatana-jhÈna
.
v) Some other person (of similar intelligence), without taking the colour of his body as an
object of preliminary concentration, concentrates on external forms (as
kasiÓa
objects)
that are dark blue, with a dark-blue colour, dark-blue hue, like the flax-blossom which
is dark blue, with a dark-blue colour, dark-blue hue, or like BÈrÈÓasÊ fabric with a
smooth finish on both sides, which is dark- blue and has a dark-blue colour, dark-blue
hue. He concentrates on external forms that are dark-blue, with a dark-blue colour,
dark-blue hue, as objects of preliminary concentration. His mind duly gets fixed on
them, gains mastery over them, and thus dwells in
appanÈ-jhÈna
. After emerging from
the jhÈnic absorption, he is aware that he knows and sees these forms. This is the fifth
abhibhÈyatana-jhÈna
.
vi) Some other person (of similar intelligence), without taking the colour of his body as an