THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1032
head was being shaved. And today, I have been able to shake Sakka's mansion,
(having received instruction from my teacher.) Excellent and marvellous indeed is
the Buddha, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One. Excellent and marvellous indeed is
the Dhamma, that truly leads to emancipation. Excellent and marvellous indeed is
the Sangha, the true
ariyas
!‛
(Three verses rendered combinedly).
iii) The third cause (conception of a Buddha to be) and
iv) The fourth cause (birth of a Buddha to be) are due to the superb merit of the Buddha-
to-be.
v) The fifth cause (the occasion of Enlightenment) is due to the power of the penetrative
Knowledge of the Buddha.
vi) The sixth cause (the occasion of delivering the First Sermon) is due to the power of the
Knowledge consisting in the power of exposition (i.e., expression) of the Buddha. On
this great occasion, the guardian spirit of the great earth, showing his appreciation is
figuratively said to be applauding by the great earth, according to the Commentary.
vii) The seventh cause is due to the power of the Buddha-Knowledge in relinquishing the
life-maintaining mental process, out of weariness of sentient existence which is
conditioned by cause. On this great occasion, the guardian spirit of the earth
sympathized with the Buddha (in the matter of decay and death which incumbent on
everyone, not excepting the Buddha) and showed his sympathy by the great
earthquake.
viii) The eighth cause is due to the power of the Buddha's Knowledge that makes the
Buddha very happy with the delightful satisfaction in having accomplished His mission
that had taken Him four
asa~khyeyyas
and a hundred thousand aeons (
kappas
) for
attainment of Perfect Peace (
AnupÈdisesa
NibbÈna
). As for the guardian spirit of the
earth, it was occasion for grief and lamentation. The great earthquake then is an
expression of his grief and lamentation. (Commentary and Sub-Commentary).
Eight Categories of Assemblies
When the Buddha discoursed on the eight causes of great earthquakes, Venerable
Œnanda, being of great wisdom, rightly concluded that the Buddha had relinquished the
life-maintaining mental process that very day. The fact of Œnanda's appraisal of the
situation was known by the Buddha but He did not allow Œnanda to disrupt the discourse
and continued with other topics, such as the eight categories of assemblies, the eight
abhibhÈyatanas
, and the eight
vimokkha
. (There are certain commentators who explain this
action, on the part of the Buddha, as His strategy of alleviating the sorrow that would arise
in Œnanda, if the fact of the relinquishing the life-maintaining mental process were to be
allowed to surface itself. The fresh topics that the Buddha takes up without interrupting are
thus meant to occupy Œnanda's mind with matters other than the Buddha's oncoming death.)
‚Œnanda,‛ said the Buddha, ‚there are eight categories of assemblies. There are:
assembly of nobles, assembly of brahmins, assembly of householders, assembly of
bhikkhus, assembly of the devas of the realm of the Four Great Kings, assembly of the
devas of the realm of the TÈvatiÑsa Deva realm, assembly of the devas led by MÈra, and
assembly of BrahmÈs.
‚Œnanda, I remember having attended hundreds of assemblies of nobles. (p:)
In
those assemblies, I sat together with them, conversed with them, and had
discussions with them. While I was among them, My appearance was like their
appearance and My voice was like their voice. In My discourses to them, I pointed
out to them the benefits of the Doctrine, exhorted them to get established in the
practice of the Dhamma, and gladdened them in the practice. While I was thus
discoursing to them, they did not know Me: they wondered: ‚Who is this one
discoursing? Is He, a deva or a man?‛ After I had, by My discourse, pointed out to
them the benefits of the Dhamma, and gladdened them in the practice, I vanished
from there. When I vanished too, they did not know Me; and wondered: ‘Who was