THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1030
hence He would be laying down the burden of the five aggregates and making an
end of all
dukkhas
, brought forth that joyous utterance concerning his
relinquishment.)
Then the Venerable Œnanda bethought himself: ‚O wonderful it is! O unprecedented it is!
This hair-raising earthquake is monstrous indeed! It is really stupendous! And how rolling
thunders echoed and re-echoed! What is the cause of great earthquakes? What conditions
them?‛ He approached the Buddha, made his obeisance to Him, and sitting at a suitable
place, addressed the Buddha thus: ‚O wonderful it is! O unprecedented it is! This hair
raising earthquake is monstrous indeed! It is really stupendous! and how rolling thunders
echoed and re-echoed! Venerable Sir, what is the cause of such great earthquakes? What
conditions them?‛
Eight Causes of Earthquakes
And the Buddha said: ‚Œnanda, there are eight causes of, or conditions leading to great
earthquakes. They are:
(1) This great earth is supported by water, the water by air, the air by space. When very
strong winds blow, the water is shaken. When the water is shaken, the earth is shaken.
This is the first cause of, or the first condition leading to great earthquakes.
(2) Further, Œnanda, a
samaÓa
or a
brÈhmana
who has great (mental) power, and who is
accomplished in the supernormal powers of the mind, or a deva of great power, by
developing intense concentration on the limited image of the earth element and on the
boundless image of the water-element can cause the earth to shake strongly, to sway
violently, and to convulse. This is the second cause of, or the second condition leading
to great earthquakes.
(3) Further, Œnanda, on the occasion of a Bodhisatta passing away in the TusitÈ Deva
realm and descending into (i.e. conceiving) in the mother's womb, mindfully and with
clear comprehension, this great earth shakes, quakes strongly, sways violently, and is
convulsed. This the third cause of, or the third condition leading to great earthquakes.
(4) Further, Œnanda, on the occasion of a Bodhisatta was born, mindfully and with clear
comprehension, this great earth shakes, quakes strongly, sways violently, and is
convulsed. This is the fourth cause of, or the fourth condition leading to great
earthquakes.
(5) Further, Œnanda, on the occasion of a Buddha attaining Supremely Perfect-
Enlightenment, this great earth shakes, quakes strongly, sways violently, and is
convulsed.
(6) Further, Œnanda, on the occasion of a Buddha expounding the Supreme Dhamma on
the Four Ariya Truths, (His first sermon known as the Dhammacakka-puvattana Sutta),
the great earth shakes, quakes strongly, sways violently, and is convulsed.
(7) Further, Œnanda, on the occasion of a Buddha relinquishing mindfully and with
deliberation, the life maintaining mental process, this great earth shakes, quakes
strongly, sways violently and is convulsed.
(8) Further, Œnanda, on the occasion of a Buddha passing away leaving no remainder of
the five aggregates and enters upon ParinibbÈna, realizing the ultimate peace, this great
earth shakes, quakes strongly, sways violently, and is convulsed.
‚Œnanda, these are the eight causes of, or the eight conditions leading to great
earthquakes.‛
(The Buddha's discourse is not yet ended. Some elaboration on the above eight factors:)
i) Earthquakes occur due to the unstable conditions of the elements of the cosmos. The
great earth is supported by a mass of air which is nine hundred and sixty thousand
yojanas
thick. Above that mass of air, there is a mass of water which is four hundred
and eighty thousand
yojanas
thick. Above that mass of water lies the great earth which
is two hundred and forty thousand
yojanas
thick. The lower half of the thickness, i.e. a
hundred and twenty thousand
yojanas
, of the earth is granite while the upper half of