Chapter 40
The Buddha gained the four
ariya-magga
s after cultivating meditation for calm and
insight-meditation. As a brave warrior at the battlefield would cut loose, with his sharp
sword, the tight coat of chain mail that he is wearing, so also the Buddha has completely
destroyed the defilements with the four Path Knowledges. Just as when the tap-roots of a
tree are cut off, the fruit-producing potential of the tree is terminated, the moment the
defilements are destroyed, the potential for rebirth that has been cumulating from the
beginningless
saÑsÈra
is terminated in the mental makeup of the Buddha.
(Notes: In the statement, ‚
The BhagavÈ decided mindfully and with deliberation to
give up the life-maintaining mental process
,‛ ‘mindfully’ means the Buddha's mind
dwelled at all moments on the Four Foundations of Steadfast Mindfulness, namely,
body, sensations, mind and mind objects. Reflecting wisely on these four
Foundation, He recalled how He had borne the burden of the five aggregates over
such a long, weary journey of
saÑsÈra
, and that now he was free from the burden;
and that to enable him to cast aside this burden, he had for over four
asa~khyeyyas
and a thousand aeons fulfilled the Perfections, the requisite infra structure for the
Ariya Path. Now that he was established in the Path which he had long aspired
after, he was able to dwell on the Four Foundations of Mindfulness, having had
penetrative insight into the loathsomeness, woefulness, impermanence and
insubstantiality of conditioned phenomena.
‚
With deliberation
‛ means the Buddha pondered on the benefits He had brought
for Himself and for others. For His own benefit, He had obtained His goal of
Buddhahood at the foot of the Bodhi tree. As for the benefit for others He had, by
His preaching the Dhamma, caused the multitudes to gain liberation from the round
of
dukkha
. He would be bringing an end to that mission in the next three months
(i.e. on the full moon of ŒsÈÄhÈ (May).
These thoughts which the Buddha considered led to the decision, by means of the
Buddha-Knowledge, to give up the life-maintaining mental process.
In the expression ‚
to give up the life-maintaining mental process
,‛ ‘the life
maintaining mental process’ (
Èyu-sa~khÈra
), is a term capable of two meanings: the
interaction of mind and matter kept going by the process that sustains life,
conditioned by
kamma
, is one meaning. The
ÈupÈlaka-phala-samÈpatti
that acts as
a condition for prolonging life (as explained above, at p 309 of the Myanmar
original text) is the other meaning.
‚
To give up the life maintaining mental process
‛ means the Buddha, was resolving
that He would not re-enter into the
phala-samÈpatti
after three months; he would
do so only up to the full moon of ŒsÈÄhÈ. By that resolution, the Buddha, in effect,
renounced the condition for prolonging his life beyond three months.
When the Buddha thus renounced the life-maintaining mental process, the great
earth quaked in six different ways: (i) swaying from east to west, (ii) swaying from
west to east, (iii) swaying from south to north, (iv) swaying from north to south,
(v) heaving up, and (iv) dropping down. This phenomenon occurred throughout the
ten thousand world-systems, causing people terror with gooseflesh appearing and
body-hairs standing up on them.
When the Buddha had relinquished the life-maintaining mental process, He felt
delightful satisfaction with the thought that the burden of the body, which He had
been carrying over the long course of
saÑsÈra
, was now to be laid aside in the
next three months. Since the joy at this happy prospect was so intense that it could
not be contained and (like a jar overfilled with oil) it found expression in the
joyous utterance of the above stanza.
The fact that that stanza was the outcome of great joy makes it evident that in
relinquishing the life-maintaining mental possess, the Buddha was not yielding to
MÈra out of fear. If it were so, how could such a joyous utterance come about?
Only the happy prospect, foreseen by the Buddha-Knowledge, that three months