Chapter 40
‚Householders these are the five disadvantages befalling an immoral person through lack
of morality.‛
Five Advantages that bless A Virtuous Person
‚Householders, five advantages bless a virtuous person for his being virtuous. What are
the five?‛
(i) Householders, in this world, a virtuous person, who possess moral virtue, acquires
great wealth through being heedful. This is the first advantage that waits on a
virtuous person for his being virtuous.
(ii) Householders, furthermore, the good reputation of a virtuous person, who possess
moral virtue, spreads far and wide. This is the second advantage that waits on a
virtuous person for his being virtuous.
(iii) Householders, furthermore, a virtuous person, who possess moral virtue in the midst
of any class of society, whether among the ruling class, or the recluses, or the
brahmin class, or the wealthy, can hold up his head and look anyone in the face. This
is the third advantage that waits on a virtuous person for his being virtuous.
(iv) Householders, furthermore, a virtuous person, who possess moral virtue, dies without
any bewilderment. This is the fourth advantage that waits on a virtuous person for
his being virtuous.
(v) Householders, furthermore, a virtuous person, who possess moral virtue, after death
and dissolution of the body, is destined to the fortunate existences of devas. This is
fifth advantage that waits on a virtuous person for his being virtuous.
‚Householders, these are the five advantages that wait on a virtuous person for his being
virtuous.‛
Although this discourse was addressed to lay persons it also applies to
bhikkhus
.
(1) With a lay person, lack of moral virtue may lead to committing evil deeds such as
killing. As he indulges in evil, he tends to forget his usual means of livelihood, such
as cultivation or trading, thereby incurring great losses of property. Worse still, his
evil deed might be illegal under the law proclaimed by the king such as killing of
animals, and he is liable to criminal punishment. If he steals, he also commits a crime
equally liable to punishment. Thus, his lack of moral virtue can bring him great
losses of property. Similarly, a
bhikkhu
lacking morality, being heedless, loses virtue,
loses the good Doctrine, the word of the Buddha, loses
jhÈna
, and loses the seven
noble properties of
ariyas
4
.
(2) An immoral man earns a bad repute so that he is written off as an outcast, useless for
this world and hopeless for future worlds. ‚This man is so stingy that he would not
even take part in offering alms-food by drawing lots,‛ this is the kind of name he
builds up for himself. All the four kinds of assemblies see him in that light only.
Similarly, in the case of a
bhikkhu
who lacks moral virtue, the ill repute that such and
such
bhikkhu
is loose in
bhikkhu
morality, does not take up serious learning of the
good Doctrine, makes a living on practice of medicine, or similar methods of
livelihood abhorred by the Buddha, and that his behaviour is marked by six kinds of
disrespect, spreads among the four kinds of assemblies.
4. Seven noble properties of
ariyas
:
satta ariya dhanani
.
(i)
SaddhÈ dhanam
- faith in Three Jewels and kamma
(ii)
SÊla
dhanam
- wealth of morality
(iii)
HirÊ dhanam
- wealth of shame for doing evil
(iv)
Ottappa
dhanam
- wealth of fear for doing evil
(v)
Suta dhanam
- wealth of vast knowledge
(vi)
CÈga
dhanam
- wealth of charity, renunciation
(vii)
PaÒÒÈ
dhanam
- wealth of
magga-phala
attainments.