THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1002
Example of overt mental action:
When one looks at a fellow-
bhikkhu
with endearing eyes in a clearly pleased expression
this is the outcome of loving kindness in the looker's mind; it reflects his thoughts, (The
facial expression itself is bodily action springing from loving kindness.)
Example of mental action in private:
Wishing Venerable Thera Deva or Tissa, etc. to be well, etc., is mental action in private,
due to loving kindness.
Regarding the fourth factor of Non-decline above:
‘To enjoy something alone’ means either not sharing something as an article that is
obtained, or not sharing something with a certain person or persons. In the first case, the
extent one is prepared to share something is an instance of enjoying something alone in
respect of an article. In the second case, one has in mind: ‚I shall share it with
bhikkhu
so
and so; but I shall not share it with
bhikkhu
so and so‛; this is an instance of enjoying
something alone in respect of person.
In this fourth factor, a
bhikkhu
who regards any item received as an offering to the
Sangha as common property of all virtuous
bhikkhus
co-resident with him, considers thus:
‚This alms-food is of great value (morally); I shall not give it to lay persons since that
would amount to ‘pursuing gain with gain’. I shall not enjoy it alone first. I shall offer it to
the Sangha. If anything is left after all the Sangha have partaken of it I shall then eat it. For
this food has been obtained with the intention of becoming common property of the
Sangha.‛ Accordingly he first announces the meal time for all the Sangha by the striking of
the gong. This noble practice under the Buddha's Teaching is called
Saraniya
Practice.
The Noble Practice of Fraternal Living (SÈranÊya)
Notes on
SÈranÊya
Practice:
What kind of
bhikkhu
is competent or qualified to take up this
SÈranÊya
Practice? An
immoral
bhikkhu
is not in a position to practise
SÈranÊya
. Only a
bhikkhu
endowed with
morality can take up this practice. The reason is that virtuous
bhikkhus
cannot receive
offerings from a
bhikkhu
of immoral conduct. They will always refuse it.
Only a
bhikkhu
with impeccable morality is qualified to take up the
SÈranÊya
Practice.
Once taken up; the practice must be fulfilled without break, flawlessly. The details of the
practice are given below:
Where a
bhikkhu
gives discriminately the alms-food to his mother, or father, or
preceptor, or any such person, he is sharing it with someone whom he is bound to offer.
But his sharing is not
SÈranÊya
Practice: it is merely removing an impediment (
patibodha
),
by fulfilling an obligation, as is termed in the Teaching. That indeed is so. For
SÈranÊya
practice is of a superior nobler way of sharing which is suitable only for a
bhikkhu
who is
free from impediments, obstructions, personal obligations.
A practitioner of
SÈranÊya
may give, in fulfilment of his practice, the share of his alms-
food to a sick
bhikkhu
, or to a
bhikkhu
tending a sick
bhikkhu
, or a guest
bhikkhu
, or a
way-faring
bhikkhu
or a newly admitted
bhikkhu
who has not learnt the proper way to robe
himself or to hold his alms-bowl. After giving the alms-food to these types of
bhikkhus
, if
any alms-food is left, he offers it to the
bhikkhus
beginning from the most senior of the
bhikkhu
-elders who should be allowed to partake of it as much as they like (and not in a
small quantity only). If the food runs out and if there is time to collect alms-food for the
day, he may go on another round of alms-gathering and then continue the distribution of
whatever food he has collected. If there is any food left after the distribution, he eats it. If
none is left and if there is no time to go on another round of alms-gathering, he stays
without any food for that day and his sole sustenance then is the delightful satisfaction
(
pita
) derived from the successful undertaking of the
SÈranÊya
practice.
(Note that although the text mentions of sharing with virtuous fellow
bhikkhus
, a
practitioner of the
SÈranÊya
practice may deny his
alms-food
to an immoral