THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
998
person abhors evil because he detests it for its shameful quality; his sense of shame to
do evil is
hirÊ
. He dreads evil because he is full of apprehension about the
consequences, both here and in the hereafter; his dread to do evil is
ottappa
.
iv) In the fourth
AparihÈniya Dhamma
, ‚a person of vast learning‛ means (a) one who is
well read in the PÈli texts and literature (
pariyatti
), and (b) one who has penetrative
knowledge of the truth that is, one who has gained Supramundane Knowledge
(
paÔivedha
). In the present context the first meaning should be taken.
Of the type of persons well read in the PiÔaka, there are these four kinds: (a) a
bhikkhu
who needs no guidance in the interpretation of the PiÔaka, (b) a
bhikkhu
who is fit to
head a monastery, (c) a
bhikkhu
who can give advice and instructions to
bhikkhunÊs
,
(For details about these three kinds of persons, refer to Commentary on the Vinaya
entitled SamantapÈsÈdika, in the explanation on the
Pacittiya
in OvÈda vagga.) (d) a
bhikkhu
who, like the Venerable Œnanda, is conversant with the whole of the three
PiÔakas and can explain and discourse on any point in them. In the context regarding
the fourth
AparihÈniya
dhamma
, this fourth kind of learned person is meant. Only such
a person can become established in the Good Practice (
patipatti
), the Good Penetration
(
paÔivedha saddhama
), because
pariyatti saddhama
is the foundation for both of them.
v) In the fifth
AparihÈniya
dhamma
, the diligent person fulfils two aspects of diligence,
physical and mental. ‘Physical diligence’ refers to a loner who shuns company and
cultivates, in all the bodily postures, the eight subjects
1
on which diligence should be
built. ‘Mental diligence’ refers to a yogi who distances himself from the six sense
objects and dwells in the eight stages of
jhÈna
, and who, in other moments, in all the
bodily postures, allows no defilements to enter his mind which is constantly vigilant.
So long as
bhikkhus
are diligent both physically and mentally, they are bound to
prosper; there is no possibility for them to decline.
vi) In the sixth
AparihÈniya
dhamma
, "established in mindfulness" means persons who
have such power of awareness as being able to remember all deeds or words that they
had done or spoken long ago, such as in the case of Thera MahÈ Gatimbaya Abhaya,
Thera DÊgabhÈÓaka Abhaya, and Thera TipiÔakac|ÄÈbhaya.
Thera MahÈ Gatimbaya Abhaya: He was a precocious child. At the traditional ceremony
for feeding him with the auspicious milk-rice, on the fifth day after he was born, he made
the sound ‚Shoo! Shoo!‛ to scare away the crow that tried to poke its head into the rice-
bowl. When he grew up into an elderly
bhikkhu
, his pupils asked him: ‚Venerable Sir, what
earliest physical or verbal action of yours do you remember?‛ He related the event of his
shooing away the crow when he was just five days old.
Thera DÊghabhÈÓaka Abhaya: When he was just nine days old, his mother, in trying to kiss
him, bent down on his face. The big hairdo adorned with lots of Spanish jasmine buds
loosened itself, letting handfuls of the flower buds drop on his bare chest. He remembers
how that dropping of buds caused him pain then. When asked by his pupils about his
earliest memories, he recounted this event that he experienced as a nine-day old child.
Thera TipiÔakac|ÄÈbhaya: When asked about his power of memory, this MahÈthera said:
‚Friends, there are four gates to the city of AnurÈttha. After the closing of three of these
gates, when only the fourth gate was allowed to be used by the people, I would ask the
name of each person going out in the morning. When they re-entered the city by the same
gate in the evening, I could call up all of their names.‛
(vii) In the seventh
AparihÈniya
dhamma
. ‘Insight’ means the comprehension of the rising
and dissolution of the five aggregates (
udayabbaya
paÒÒÈ
). In another sense,
mindfulness or awareness mentioned in the sixth
AparihÈniya
dhamma
and insight
mentioned in the seventh refer to Right Mindfulness and Insight which are the
foundation of Insight development. (i.e., awareness and perception while meditating).
The Fourth Set of Seven Factor of Non-decline
1. eight subjects on which diligence should be built
Virivarambha Vattu
.