Chapter 40
seven factors of non-decline. Listen and pay good attention. I shall explain it in detail.‛
‚Very well Sir,‛ the
bhikkhus
responded and the Buddha gave the discourse:
i) Bhikkhus
, so long as the
bhikkhus
are instilled with confidence or faith
grounded on conviction, they are bound to progress (spiritually); there is no
reason for their decline.
ii) Bhikkhus
, so long as the
bhikkhus
feel ashamed of doing evil (
hirÊ
) they are
bound to progress (spiritually); there is no reason for their decline.
iii) Bhikkhus
, so long as the
bhikkhus
have fear of wrong doing (
ottappa
), they
are bound to progress (spiritually); there is no reason for their decline.
iv) Bhikkhus
, so long as the
bhikkhus
have vast learning, they are bound to
progress (spiritually); there is no reason for their decline.
v) Bhikkhus
, so long as the
bhikkhus
are diligent, they are bound to progress
(spiritually); there is no reason for their decline.
vi) Bhikkhus
, so long as the
bhikkhus
are established in mindfulness, they are
bound to progress (spiritually); there is no reason for their decline.
vii) Bhikkhus
, so long as the
bhikkhus
are endowed with Insight Knowledge
(
vipassanÈ-paÒÒÈ
), they are bound to progress (spiritually); there is no
reason for their decline.
‚
Bhikkhus
, so long as these seven factors of non-decline remain with the
bhikkhus
,
and so long as the
bhikkhus
live by them, they are bound to progress (spiritually);
there is no reason for their decline.‛
(The discourse is not concluded yet.) The above seven factors are called the third set of
seven factors of Non-decline of
bhikkhus
.
i) Of these seven factors, the first factor of non-decline.
SaddhÈ —
Conviction or faith, is of these 4 kinds:
(a)
AgamanÊya saddhÈ
refers to the strength of conviction that arises in a Bodhisatta
due to the noble striving after Perfection in ten ways (
pÈramÊ
), liberality (
cÈga
)
and conduct (
cariya
), without external prompting, which puts unshakable faith in
anything that deserves faith.
(b)
Addigama saddhÈ
refers to the unassailable firm conviction of an
ariya
in the Four
Ariya Truths due to having penetrative knowledge of the Path. (As an example, we
may cite SurambaÔÔha, about whom we shall describe under the chapter on the
Sangha RatanÈ.)
(c)
PasÈda saddhÈ
refers to the depth of conviction in the Triple Gem such as that of
King MahÈkappina. When he hears the words ‚Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha,‛ he has
a deep faith in the noble qualities of the Buddha such as ‚The Buddha has
analytical knowledge of all things,‛ etc., and this faith arises in him without being
tutored by others about the attributes of the Buddha, the Dhamma, or Sangha.
(d)
Okappana saddhÈ
refers to conviction after considered judgment regarding the
Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha when others make mention about them. After well
considered judgment, the holder of this kind of faith has unshakable conviction in
the Triple Gem like that of an
ariya
who has realized the Truth.
In the present context about the first factor of non-decline,
PasÈda saddhÈ
and
Okappana
saddhÈ
are meant.
ii) – (iii) In the second and third
AparihÈniya Dhammas
, the distinction between
hirÊ
and
ottapa
should be understood by means of this analogy: Let us say, there are two balls
of iron, the first is cool but is smeared with human excreta, the second is just a red hot
iron ball. A wise man would not touch the first iron ball lest he would pollute his hand,
and he would not touch the second one lest his hand would get burnt. Likewise, a wise