THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
58
undesirable.) (c) Its manifestation in the yogi's mind is patient, acceptance of both
desirable objects and undesirable objects or non-opposition to them. (d) Its proximate
cause is seeing things as they really are.
(7) Founded on
mahÈkaruÓÈ
and
upÈya-kosalla ÒÈÓa
, speaking the truth and keeping
one's word is the Perfection of Truthfulness. (In terms of Abhidhamma, it is the
mental concomitant of abstinence (
virati-cetasika
) or volition (
cetanÈ-cetasika
) or
wisdom (
paÒÒÈ-cetasika
) depending on circumstance.)
(a) It has the characteristic of veracity. (b) Its function is to make clear the truth as it
is. (c) Its manifestation in the yogi's mind is nobility, sweetness and pleasantness. (d)
Its proximate cause is purity of deed, word and thought.
(8) Founded on
mahÈkaruÓÈ
and
upÈya-kosalla ÒÈÓa
, an unshaken determination to
pursue meritoriousness is the Perfection of Resolution. (In terms of Abhidhamma, it
is the group of consciousness and mental concomitants arising in such a mode of
resolution).
(a) It has the characteristics of unshaken determination in fulfilment of Perfections,
Sacrifices, and Moral practices as requisites of Enlightenment. (b) Its function is to
overcome all demeritoriousness that are opposed to the requisites of Enlightenment.
(c) Its manifestation in the yogi's mind is steadfastness in fulfilment of the requisites
of Enlightenment. (d) Its proximate cause is the requisites of Enlightenment.
(9) Founded on
mahÈkaruÓÈ
and
upÈya-kosalla ÒÈÓa
, service to the welfare and
happiness of the world is the Perfection of Loving-kindness. It is the mental
concomitant of non-aversion, the
adosa cetasika
in terms of Abhidhamma.
(a) It has the characteristic of wishing prosperity to all beings. (b) Its function is to
work for the welfare of beings in fulfilment of that wish; (or) its function is
removing the nine causes of resentment
6
. (c) Its manifestation in the yogi's mind is
serenity. (d) Its proximate cause is seeing beings as agreeable. (No development of
loving-kindness is possible if one looks at them as disagreeable ones.)
(10) Founded on
mahÈkaruÓÈ
and
upÈya-kosalla ÒÈÓa,
the attitude of impartiality towards
desirable and undesirable conditioned beings, discarding love and hate, is the
Perfection of Equanimity. (In terms of Abhidhamma, it is the mental concomitant of
equipoise (
tatramajjhattatÈ
), which arises in such modes.)
(a) It has the characteristic of taking up the mental position between love and hate.
(b) Its function is to have an impartial view. (c) Its manifestation in the yogi's mind is
allaying both love and hate. (d) Its proximate cause is reflection that all beings are
owner of their own deeds (
kamma
).
Each of the above descriptions of the Perfections begins with the qualifying words:
‚Founded on
mahÈkaruÓÈ
and
upÈya-kosalla ÒÈÓa
.‛ These two attributes form the basic
virtues, which are always present in the mental continuum of Bodhisattas and only acts of
dÈna
,
sÊla
etc., thus founded on them constitute the
pÈramÊs
.
6. What are The Basic Conditions of The PÈramÊs
Briefly stated, they are:
(a)
Great aspiration (
AbhinÊhÈra
);
(b)
Great Compassion and skill in ways and means, (
MahÈkaruÓÈ
and
UpÈya-kosalla
©ÈÓa
);
(c)
Four grounds for Buddhahood (
Buddhabh|mi
);
(d)
Sixteen mental dispositions (
AjjhÈsaya
);
(e)
Reflective knowledge (
Paccavekkhana ©ÈÓa
) of disadvantages of non-giving, etc.,
and advantages of giving, etc.
6. Nine causes of resentment: For details, see nine causes of anger, described under the Perfection of
Forbearance in Chapter VI, AnudÊpanÊ: Chapter IV.