Chapter 40
indulge themselves in sensual pleasures and forget their princely duties, thus leading to
their ruin.
Where princes hold their elders in esteem, the latter will advice them on state craft,
pointing out the traditional practices. In military strategy, they have practical experience so
that in a given situation they can give sound guidance, such as how to advance, how to
retreat. Drawing on the rich experience and mature wisdom of their elders, the princes can
thus carry on their proud tradition, perpetuating their national glory.
(v) The Fifth Factor of Growth, Non-decline
‚Œnanda, do the VajjÊ princes refrain from carrying away, by force, women and
girls and keeping them? What have you heard?‛
‚Venerable Sir, I have heard that the VajjÊ princes do not carry away, by force,
women and girls and keep them.‛
‚Œnanda, so long as the VajjÊ princes refrain from carrying away, by force, women
and girls and keeping them, they are bound to prosper, there is no reason for their
decline.‛
(Herein, where the rulers forcibly take any woman or girl without consent, the people will
be very angry. ‚They have taken away a mother from our house!‛ ‚They have taken away
our girl whom we have nurtured with such great devotion!‛ ‚They have kept them at the
palace!‛ People will complain. They will leave the country, go to the remote regions and
become criminals themselves, or they may join gangs of bandits and roam the country. This
is a cause of decline for rulers.
Where the rulers do not forcibly take away women and girls and keep them, the people are
free from molestation and anxiety and they go about their usual business. They contribute
to the wealth of the rulers. So, restraint of rulers is a factor for their progress.)
(vi) The Sixth Factor of Growth, Non-decline
‚Œnanda, do the VajjÊ princes hold in respect, reverence, honour, and veneration
their traditional shrines within and without the city? Do they see to it that
appropriate offerings and oblations are made at those shrines as of yore, without
remiss? What have you heard?‛
‚Venerable Sir, I have heard that the VajjÊ princes hold in respect, reverence,
honour, and veneration their traditional shrines within and without the city. They
see to it that appropriate offerings and oblations are made at those shrines as of
yore, without remiss.‛
‚Œnanda, so long as the VajjÊ princes hold in respect, reverence, honour, and
veneration their traditional shrines within and without the city, and see to it that
appropriate offerings and oblations are made at those shrines as of yore, without
remiss, they are bound to prosper; there is no reason for their decline.‛
(Where the rulers do not venerate the traditional shrines whether inside or outside of the
city and are remiss in making the customary offerings and oblations that are due to them,
the guardian spirits do not afford them protection. Although the guardian spirits are not
able to cause fresh misfortune to the people, they can aggravate the existing misfortune
such as a worsening in coughs and headaches. In time of war, they do not join forces
against the enemy. Thus the rulers stand to meet with decline.
Where rulers do not neglect the customary offerings and oblations that are due to guardian
spirits at the traditional shrines, the latter give them protection. Although the guardian
spirits are not able to bring fresh fortunes to the people, they can attenuate the existing
misfortune such as causing immediate relief in coughs and headaches. In times of war, they
join forces with the local combatants. They may cause delusion to the enemy into thinking
that the local army is twice or thrice its actual numbers; or they may show up terrifying
sights before the enemy. Keeping the traditional guardian spirits in their good mood
through customary offerings and oblations is a factor of prosperity for rulers.)
(vii) The Seventh Factor of Growth, Non-decline