THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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rulers unable to meet state expenditures. The armed forces and civil servants will have
reductions in their remuneration. This will lower their efficiency and the standards of their
services will fall, effecting the might of the army.
If the time-honoured VajjÊ traditions and practices are disregarded and people are executed
without trial, relatives of the victims of injustice will bear grudge against the rulers. They
may go to remote places and resort to crime themselves or may join gangs of bandits and
roam the country. These are causes of decline for rulers.
In a country where the ordinances enacted are the same ones that have been traditionally
enacted, the people will accept them without murmur. They will feel happy about their
obligations and go about their normal activities such as agriculture and trading.
Where rulers do not revoke traditional taxes and fines their revenues in kind and in money
are flowing in every day. The armed forces and civil servants enjoy their usual
remuneration as they are properly provided and made happy, Their services remain as
trustworthy and dependable as in the olden days.
In VajjÊ system of justice, there were stages of careful scrutiny in the administration of
criminal justice. When a man was brought before the authorities and was accused of theft,
he was not put into custody but was properly examined. If there was no proof of theft, he
was allowed to go. If someone was suspected of a crime, he was handed to the officials of
the justice department where he was given a proper hearing. If found not guilty, he was
released. If the judges suspected him of the crime, he was referred to a panel of learned
persons who were well versed in social ethics. If the panel of learned persons found him
not guilty he was released. If they considered him not free of fault, he was then referred to
a review board of eight jurors (who belonged to the eight categories of families with an
honourable tradition and who were free from the four kinds of improper official conduct.)
If the review board found him not guilty, he was released but, if he was not free from
blame, he was committed to the King through the Commander-in Chief and the Heir-
apparent. If the King found him not guilty, he was released. If he was not free from blame,
the traditional criminal code, ‘
dhammathat
’, was caused to be read in his presence. The
code contained specific descriptions of acts of crime with specific punishments attached to
them. The King ascertained the nature of crime the man had committed that answered the
description in the list of crimes in the code, and the prescribed punishment was meted out
to him.
The Observance of the VajjÊ tradition described above was very reassuring to the people.
When one of their kith and kin was punished for a crime the people did not blame the VajjÊ
princes. They knew the King had dispensed justice and that the fault lay with the
perpetrator only. Being satisfied that they had full protection of the law, they went about
their usual business honestly. This adherence to the time-honoured system of justice is thus
a factor of progress for rulers.)
(iv) The Fourth Factor of Growth, Non-decline
‚Œnanda, do VajjÊ princes treat their elders with courteous regard, deference,
esteem and veneration, and do they consider that the advice of elderly people are
worth listening to? What have you heard?‛
‚Venerable Sir, I have heard that the VajjÊ princes treat their elders with regard,
deference, esteem and veneration, and that they consider the advice of elderly
people are worth listening to.‛
‚Œnanda, so long as the VajjÊ princes treat their elders with regard, deference,
esteem, and veneration, and consider that the advice of elderly people are worth
listening to, they are bound to prosper; there is no reason for their decline.‛
(The terms
‘regard, deference, esteem and veneration’
, all denote a deep sense of respect,
indebtedness, genuine affection and humility.
‘To listen to their advice’
means to seek their
counsel twice or thrice every day.)
If young princes do not have a sense of respect for their elders and do not go to them for
advice, they will be ignored by the elders, and lacking proper guidance, they will tend to