Chapter 40
Chapter 40
THE BUDDHA DECLARED THE SEVEN FACTORS OF NON-DECLINE FOR
RULERS
(As we have said earlier on,) the Buddha spent the earlier twenty
vassas
at various
places and preached the noble Doctrine that led to the liberation of the multitudes
and spent the latter twenty-four
vassas
in SÈvatthi only. After the end of the
vassa
or rains-retreat, He set out on journeys of three kinds of periphery (as described
earlier on) and tamed those worthy of taming. The number of discourses and
dialogues are as varied as they are wide so that they cannot be treated fully within
the confines of this work. Just as a drop or two of sea water would suffice to
understand that the sea is saltish, so also in this book, only a few examples from
the
suttanta
(discourses) can be given that should give the reader a fair idea of the
richness of the Doctrine. Scholars, who wish to gain further knowledge from the
Buddha's extensive teachings, are advised to read from the (Myanmar) translations
of the PiÔaka (with the help of the Commentaries and Sub-commentaries. We shall
henceforth confine our narrative to the events and discourses that belong to the
period extending from around the forty-fourth vassa onwards which was the period
close to His realization of ParinibbÈna.)
t one time (when the Buddha had completed his forty-fourth
vassa
) the Buddha of
Illustrious Attributes was staying at the mountain abode, up on GijjakuÔa Hill, near
RÈjagaha. (The place name GijjakuÔa means ‘Vulture Peak’ probably derived from the
shape of the peak, or from the fact that it was the roosting place of vultures.)
At that time, King AjÈtasattu (of RÈjagaha) was very keen on invading VesÈlÊ, the country
of Licchavis. ‚I will exterminate them however powerful and mighty they may be, play
havoc with them, cause their ruin,‛ he was saying all the time, a haughty monarch as he
was.
The reason for his deep-seated hatred of the Licchavis could be traced to some unhappy
incidents thus:
RÈjagaha and Vesali were two flourishing cities on either side of the River Ga~ga which
flowed east and west, with RÈjagaha on the southern side and VesÈli on the northern side.
There was a caravan station known as PaÔÔanagÈma (The present-day Patna was probably
around that place.) With PaÔÔanagÈma in the middle, the region extending about half a
yojana
came under the domain of King AjÈtasattu while the region of the same extent
towards the other side of that region came under the domain of the LicchavÊs.
There were rich deposits of precious materials originating at the hillside near
PaÔÔanagama. As King AjÈtasattu learnt about the treasures and was making plans to go
there, the LicchavÊs reached there first and took away all the treasures. When King
AjÈtasattu arrived and learnt that the LicchavÊs had stolen a march on him, he went back
home with great fury.
In the following year too, the Licchavis were ahead of King AjÈtasattu in getting there
and enjoying the find. King AjÈtasattu's anger knew no bounds. He was obsessed with the
thought of exterminating, destroying and ruining the mighty LicchavÊs. In all his four
bodily postures he was cursing aloud. He even went so far as giving orders to his men to
plan an expedition.
On second thoughts, however, he restrained his action. ‚War is disastrous to both sides.
There is no clash of arms that do not result in loss of life (and property). By taking wise
counsel, I may not have harsh consequences. There is no one in the world greater in
wisdom than the Buddha. Just now the Buddha is staying near my city, on his mountain
abode on GijjakuÔa Hill. I shall send a minister to Him and seek His advice, on my
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