Chapter 39
Reference (c)(i) above:
The neutral sensation (
upekkhÈ
) which tends to increase demeritoriousness and decrease
meritoriousness (and is therefore not to be resorted to) means
gehasita-upekkhÈ
, neutral
sensation inclined to sense-pleasures. It means strong attachment to sense-pleasures. When
some agreeable object arises at the six doors, i.e. eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind,
one is unable to overcome the defilements and falls prey to that sense object just as a fly is
'caught' by (i.e. unable to let go) a lump of jaggery. One who relishes sense-pleasures is
imprisoned by them.
Repeated resort to
gehasita-upekkhÈ
tends to increase demeritoriousness and decrease
meritoriousness. That is why the Buddha said that
gehasita-upekkhÈ
should not he resorted
to.
Reference (c)(ii) above:
The neutral sensation which tends to decrease demeritoriousness and increase
meritoriousness (and should, therefore, be resorted to) means
nekkhammasita-upekkhÈ,
neutral sensation inclined to renunciation. It is a neutral attitude to both agreeable and
disagreeable objects arising at the six sense-doors, i.e., eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and
mind. Agreeable sense objects are not attached to. Disagreeable objects do not cause anger
or vexation. Neither-agreeable-nor-disagreeable sense objects do not cause bewilderment
(
moha
) due to unbalanced attitude. The yogi contemplates all the six sense objects as
impermanent, woeful, and subject to change and thus discerns all of them as they really
are. This neutral attitude is a form of neutral sensation which arises with wisdom in the
mental process of the yogi. (In other words:) This evenness of attitude is also called
indifferent feeling, equanimity (
tatramajjhattatÈ
). It means detached attitude to both
agreeable and disagreeable sense objects.
VedanupphekklÈ
and balanced attitude,
equanimity (
tatramajjhattatÈ
) are taken as
upekkhÈ
.)
That being so, resorting to the six kinds of neutral sensation inclined to renunciation, six
nekkhammasita-upekkhÈs
, at all times, i.e. from the time of becoming a
bhikkhu
, throughout
all the stages of
bhikkhu
practice beginning with practice of Ten Reflections (
anussati
), till
the attainment of
jhÈnas
, up to the fourth
jhÈna
, decreases demeritoriousness and increases
meritoriousness. Therefore the Buddha said
nekkhammasita-upekkhÈ
should be resorted to
Reference (c)(iii) above:
Of the two types of
nekkhammasita-upekkhÈ,
namely, the one associated with initial
application of the mind and sustained application of the mind (
savitakka savicÈra
upekkhÈ
),
(the neutral sensation that arises at all times, from the time of becoming a
bhikkhu
throughout all the stages of insight-development through various contemplations, up till the
attainment of the first
jhÈna
) and the one not associated with initial application of the mind
and sustained application of the mind (
avitakka avicÈra
upekkhÈ
), (at the attainment of the
second
jhÈna,
etc.) the first one is superior to the second.
The above passage compares the
arahatta-phala
attained by two
bhikkhus
, i.e., in two
ways of
bhikkhu
practice: (a) The first
bhikkhu
, in contemplating a neutral sensation
associated with initial application of the mind and sustained application of the mind,
considers: ‚On what does this neutral sensation depend?‛ And he comes to the right
understanding that it arises dependent on the body. From that understanding, he proceeds to
gain Insight-knowledge, stage by stage, until he becomes an
arahat
. (b) The second
bhikkhu
, contemplating on the neutral sensation not associated with initial application of the
mind and sustained application of the mind (that arises at the second, the third, and the
fourth
jhÈna
s) gains Insight-knowledge, stage by stage, until he becomes an
arahat
.
Of those two
bhikkhus
, the neutral sensation that serves as the object of meditation of the
second
bhikkhu
, being not associated with initial application of the mind and sustained
application of the mind, is superior to the neutral sensation that serves as the object of
meditation of the first
bhikkhu
which is associated with initial application of the mind and
sustained application of the mind. Regarding the thoughts that arise in the two
bhikkhus
during their meditation, the thoughts that arise in the second
bhikkhu
, being not associated