Chapter 39
somanassa-vedanÈ
, there is, firstly, the one that arises together with initial application of
the mind (
vitakka
) and sustained application of the mind (
vicÈra
). This refers to the
pleasurable sensation that arises from the time of taking up bhikkhuhood till the attainment
of the first
jhÈna
.
And secondly, there is the one that arises without the initial application of the mind
(
vitakka
) and sustained application of the mind (
vicÈra
). This refers to the pleasurable
sensation that arises at the attainment of the second and the third
jhÈnas
. The second is
superior to the first. In this (third) paragraph, the Buddha compares the two ways in which
two
bhikkhus
many attain
arahatta-phala
.
To expand this statement:
The first
bhikkhu
, in contemplating the pleasant sensation that arises together with initial
application of the mind and sustained application of the mind [i.e. pleasant sensation
pertaining to the Sense Sphere (
KÈmÈ-vacara somanassa-vedanÈ)
and pleasant sensation
pertaining to the first
jhÈna
of the Fine Material Sphere (
R|pa-vacara paÔhana-jhÈna
somanassa-vedanÈ
)], contemplates: ‚On what does the pleasant sensation depend?‛ And he
perceives that it depends on the physical body. Then he proceeds to contemplate on the
three characteristics (
anicca
,
dukkha
and
anatta
) of mental phenomena (as has been
described above). And in due course he attains
arahatta-phala
.
The second
bhikkhu
, in contemplating the pleasant sensation that arises without initial
application of the mind and sustained application of the mind (i.e. the second and the third
jhÈna
of the Fine Material Sphere (
R|pa-vacara dutiya tatiya jhÈna somanassa-vedanÈ
) and
developing insight as mentioned earlier on, attains arahatship.
In the above two cases, the object of meditation of the second
bhikkhu
which is the
pleasant sensation not in association with initial application of the mind and sustained
application of the mind, is superior to the object of meditation of the first
bhikkhu
which is
the pleasant sensation associated with initial application of the mind and sustained
application of the mind. The thoughts of the second
bhikkhu
that contemplate on the mind-
object (sensation) in its three characteristics, being not associated with initial application of
the mind and sustained application of the mind, are superior to the thought of the first
bhikkhu
which are associated with initial application of the mind and sustained application
of the mind. In the matter of attainment of the Fruition consciousness also, that of the
second
bhikkhu
which is being not associated with initial application of the mind and
sustained application of the mind, is superior than that of the first
bhikkhu
which is
associated with initial application of the mind and sustained application of the mind.
(These are some important points about (a) Somanassa-vedanÈ.)
Reference (b)(i) above:
‚The unpleasant sensation which tends to increase demeritoriousness and decrease
meritoriousness (and is therefore not to be resorted to),‛ refers to
gehasita domanassa-
vedanÈ
. When one does not get some desirable visible object, or sound, or odour, or taste,
or tangible object, or thought cognized through or by the eye, the ear, the nose, the tongue,
the body and the mind, one feels miserable. When these six kinds of sense objects that one
has enjoyed do not last, they are painfully missed by one who cherishes them. Thus
unpleasant sensation (
domanassa-vedanÈ
) arises in one on account of the six sense objects.
If these unpleasant sensations are allowed to arise repeatedly, demeritoriousness increases,
and meritoriousness decreases. That is why the Buddha said that unpleasant sensation
arising out of the six sense objects should not be resorted to.
Reference (b)(ii) above:
‚The unpleasant sensation which tend to decrease demeritoriousness and increase
meritoriousness (and should therefore be resorted to)‛ means
nekkhammasita domÈnassa-
vedanÈ
(unpleasant sensation inclined to renunciation). To the
bhikkhu
who has renounced
the worldly life and taken the practice of insight-development through various methods of
contemplation, visible objects, sound, odours, tastes, tangible objects, and thoughts are
perceived as impermanent and subject to change. Further, there comes the realization that,