THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
962
discourse on physical phenomena just to provide a grounding for understanding mental
phenomena, on which latter subject He would dwell at length. In the present case, Sakka
and his company had a strong capacity to understand mental phenomena and so the Buddha
mentioned physical phenomena simply as an object of sensation, showing them what
constitutes physical phenomena. And having stated it in a most brief manner, the Buddha
taught the three kinds of sensation in an elaborate manner. Therefore, it must be noted that
physical phenomena forms just a preliminary subject as object of sensation, and hence this
fact is not recorded in the text. This is the purport of the terse commentarial statement
referred to above.
Now we shall deal with the expositions of the Buddha's elaborate manner of teaching the
subject of meditation on the three kinds of sensation as stated in (a), (b) and (c) above. The
explanation on them, as contained in the Commentary and the Sub-commentary, will be
condensed as best as we can.
Reference (a)(i) above:
‚The mentally agreeable sensation that tends to increase demeritoriousness and to
decrease meritoriousness (and which should not be resorted to)‛ means
somanassa-vedanÈ
.
This kind of pleasant sensation is called
gehasita somanassa-vedanÈ
. (Visible object, sound,
odours, tastes, tangible objects and thoughts (or ideas), these six sensuous objects serve as a
house of craving and therefore termed ‘
geha
’.) This mentally agreeable sensation arises
together with craving because of these sensuous objects. If one allows the repeated arising
of that kind of sensation, demeritoriousness grows and meritoriousness wanes every day.
That is why the Buddha said this
gehasita somanassa-vedanÈ
is not to be resorted to.
Reference (a)(ii) above:
‚The mentally agreeable sensation that tends to decrease demeritoriousness and to
increase meritoriousness (and which should be resorted to)‛ means pleasure bent on
renunciation (
nekkhammasita somanassa-vedanÈ
). Herein, taking up the homeless life of a
bhikkhu
, attainment of
jhÈna
, realization of NibbÈna, Insight-knowledge, and all
meritorious actions that break away from the hindrances are called
Nekkhamma
,
renunciation or emancipation from worldliness. Let’s expand this: One sets one's goal of
release from the round of rebirth and, leaving hearth and home, goes to the monastery,
takes up the life of bhikkhuhood, establishes oneself in the Purity of the four kinds of
bhikkhu
precept (
catupÈri suddhi sÊla
), practises the ascetic practice, meditates for
concentration by
kasiÓa
devices, attains the first Fine Material JhÈna, and cultivates Insight
using that
jhÈna
as the foundation, all these practices are called acts of renunciation
(
nekkhamma
). Pleasure derived from these activities are called pleasure bent on
renunciation. If one cultivates the repeated arising of this kind of
nekkhammasita
somanassa-vedanÈ
, demeritoriousness decrease and meritoriousness increases. That is why
the Buddha said this pleasant sensation bent on renunciation should be resorted to.
(Note:
Gehasita somanassa-vedanÈ
, that should not be resorted to, pleasure of the
senses arise together with craving for the six kinds of agreeable sense objects that
are cognized at the six sense-doors. As there are six sense objects which constitute
the bases of these mentally agreeable sensations, there are six kinds of such sense-
pleasure.)
Regarding the naturally agreeable sensation bent on renunciation (
nekkhammasita
somanassa-vedanÈ
), there are also six kinds based on the agreeable sense objects of six
kinds that cause the arising of the pleasant sensation, beginning from the first step of
renouncing householder's life to attaining of mundane and supramundane
jhÈna
s up to the
third
jhÈna
. In the Teaching, the two categories of pleasant sensation, the six
gehasita
somanassa-vedanÈ
and the six
nekkhammasita somanassa-vedanÈ
occur frequently. With
regard to
domanassa-
ve
danÈ
and
upekkhÈ-vedanÈ
which will be mentioned in due course,
the terms of six
gehasita
and six
nekkhammasita
will also appear frequently It should be
noted that these terms are also used with reference to the six sense objects.
Reference (a)(iii) above:
In the third paragraph of (a), of the type of pleasant sensation, i.e.
Nekkhammasita