Chapter 39
comprehended, or sensation is comprehended, or consciousness is comprehended, may,
through proper insight development, gain arahatship.
In SakkapaÒÒha Sutta, the Buddha discourses on contemplation of mental phenomena,
concentrating on sensation (
vedanÈ
) as the meditation subject appropriate for Sakka. This is
so because devas including Sakka will not find either contact (
phassa
) or consciousness
(
viÒÒÈÓa
) as comprehensible as sensation (
vedanÈ
). Therefore, sensation is appropriate
subject of meditation for devas for gaining insight into mental phenomena.
To explain this further:
The arising of pleasant sensation (
sukha-vedanÈ
), and unpleasant sensation (
dukkha-
vedanÈ
), is very evident. When pleasant sensation arises, the whole body is permeated with
it. One gets excited. There is a feeling of ease, as if being fed with butter refined a hundred
times over, or being applied on the skin with oil refined a hundred times over, or relieving
heat by taking a bath with cool clear water contained in thousand pots. It causes the person
who experiences it to exclaim: ‚Oh! this is pleasant! really pleasant!‛
When unpleasant or painful sensation arises also, it pervades the whole body causing
great agitation and discomfort. It is as though lumps of red hot iron were inserted into the
body, or as though molten iron were poured down over one's body, or as though a bundle
of burning faggots were thrown into a forest of dried trees and grass. It causes the person
experiencing it to groan painfully: ‚Oh! this is painful! really painful!‛
Thus, the arising of pleasant sensation and unpleasant sensation is quite evident.
This is not the case with neutral sensation (
upekkhÈ-vedanÈ
), which is not so evident. It is
as though hidden by darkness. In the absence of any pleasant sensation or painful sensation,
the yogi can only use his reason to understand the neutral sensation which is neither
pleasant nor unpleasant. It is like a hunter chasing a deer, making a reasoned guess where
the deer's hoof prints appear at one end of a slab of rock as ascending it, and appear at the
other end as descending therefrom, and coming to the conclusion that the deer must have
walked across the rock. Where pleasant sensation has been clearly noted in the yogis'
awareness, and later unpleasant sensation also has been clearly noted, the yogi can,
applying his reason, judge that during the moments when two kinds of sensation are not
felt, there has arisen in him a neutral sensation that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant. In
this way the yogi comprehends neutral sensation (
upekkhÈ-vedanÈ
).
Thus, the Buddha first taught Sakka contemplation of physical phenomena and then
proceeded to the subject of the three sensations as method of contemplating mental
phenomena. This method, whereby a discourse on contemplation of physical phenomena is
followed by a discourse on the three sensation as meditation subject, is a common method
used by the Buddha to suit the hearer in each situation. It can be found, besides the present
discourse to Sakka, in many other discourses, namely, MahÈsatipaÔÔhÈna Sutta
(
DÊgha
NikÈya
),
SatipaÔÔhÈna Sutta, C|ÄataÓhÈsa~khaya Sutta, MahÈ TaÓhÈ Sa~khaya Sutta, C|Äa
Vedalla Sutta, MahÈ Vedalla Sutta, RaÔÔhapÈla Sutta, MagaÓÉhiya Sutta, DhÈtuvibha~ga
Sutta, ŒneÒjasappÈya Sutta (all in Majjhima NikÈya) and the whole of VedanÈ SaiÓyutta.
The Commentary says: ‚In the SakkapaÒÒha Sutta, meditation on the physical phenomena,
being simply an object of sensation, is not expressly mentioned. Probably this is why it is
not on record in the PÈli text.‛ This statement is rather terse and obscure. Its purport will,
therefore, be brought out here:
The Commentary says: ‚The BhagavÈ taught Sakka and other devas contemplation of
physical phenomena first and then proceeded with contemplation of mental phenomena,
through the three sensations which was the way they could understand the Dhamma,
considering their capacity (lit natural bent of mind) to comprehend.‛ This statement might
be challenged by certain persons pointing out the fact that there is no mention in the text
that the Buddha taught contemplation of physical phenomena to Sakka. The answer lies in
the fact that devas are highly perceptible to mental phenomena, and among all mental
phenomena, sensation is best understood by them. It is the Buddha's method in teaching
those with a strong capacity to understand mental phenomena, to make a preliminary