Chapter 39
like and dislike arise? When what factor is not present, do like and dislike
not arise?‛
And the Buddha answered thus:
‚Sakka, King of Devas, like and dislike have craving or hankering (
chanda
taÓhÈ
) as their cause, as their origin, as their genesis, as their source. When
craving or hankering is present, like and dislike arise. When craving or
hankering is not present, like and dislike do not arise.‛
(Herein,
chanda
is synonymous with desire or wish.
Chanda
is used in two ways:
wishing to see, hear, smell, taste, touch or to know, and craving for sense objects.
The former is a wholesome factor called
KattukamyatÈ chanda
which is the mental
concomitant
chanda
, a wish to do. The latter is
taÓhÈ
which is the mental
concomitant
lobha
, hankering after various sense objects. What is meant here is the
latter type, namely,
lobha
,
taÓhÈ-chanda
.
Five Kinds of TaÓhÈ-chanda
(1)
TaÓhÈ-chanda
developed as
pariyesana-chanda
, while seeking objects of sense
pleasure.
(2)
TaÓhÈ-chanda
developed as
paÔilÈbha-chanda
, while acquiring objects of sense
pleasure.
(3)
TaÓhÈ-chanda
developed
paribhoga-chanda
, while enjoying objects of sense pleasure.
(4)
TaÓhÈ-chanda
developed
sannidhi-chanda
, while storing and securing of sense
pleasure.
(5) While bestowing rewards or gifts, as
visajjana-chanda
, i.e. giving out one's property
with expectation of reciprocal gain, as the bestowing of salaries and awards by rulers
upon their men in the belief that these men will render their service by attending upon
them and safeguarding them.
Hankering or Craving causes likes or dislikes. When one gets what one hankers after or
craves for, one likes and has a fondness for the thing acquired. When one fails to get what
one hankers after or craves for, one hates that objects of one's craving i.e., dislike arises in
him.
(4) The Fourth Question and Answer
On How Craving arise due to Firm Opinion
After receiving with delight the Buddha's answer, Sakka put his next question thus:
‚Venerable Sir, what is the cause of craving or hankering (
chanda
taÓhÈ
)?
What is its origin? What is its genesis? What is its source? When what factor
is present, does craving or hankering arises? When what factor is not present,
does craving or hankering does not arise?‛
The Buddha gave the answer:
‚Sakka, King of Devas, craving or hankering has deliberation, decision,
(
vinicchaya-takka
) as its cause, as its origin, as its genesis, as its source.
When there is deliberation, decision, (
vinicchaya-takka
), craving or
hankering arises. When there is no deliberation, decision, craving or
hankering does not arise.‛
(In this matter,
vitakka
is not mere thinking about something in general. It is
making up the mind about something after due deliberation (
vinicchaya-vitakka
). In
making up the mind, the Buddha has pointed out the decision may be made in two
ways: (1)
taÓhÈ-vinicchaya
, decision that is influenced by kinds of craving and (2)
diÔÔhi-vinicchaya
, judgment made through 62 wrong views.
A decision influenced by craving cannot come to a judgment as to good or bad, agreeable