THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
54
had wronged him. To illustrate: In the MahÈkapi JÈtaka, the sixth JÈtaka of the TiÑsa
NipÈta, the story is told of the Bodhisatta, in the existence of a monkey, going to the
rescue of a brahmin who had fallen into a deep chasm. Exhausted by strenuous
exertion to bring the man out of danger, the Bodhisatta trustingly fell asleep on the lap
of the man whom he had saved. With an evil thought (of eating the flesh of his
rescuer) the wicked man hit the monkey' s head with a stone. Without showing any
anger and patiently bearing the injury on his head, the Bodhisatta continued his effort
to save the man from the danger of wild beasts. He showed him the way out of the
forest by drops of blood that fell as he jumped from tree to tree; (c) because He wishes
to show that a Bodhisatta, with tolerance, never relinquishes the practice of speaking
only the truth steadfastly though he is misrepresented by others; and (d) because
having taught the meditative reflection by means of which the emptiness of soul may
be understood, the Bodhisatta wishes to show Knowledge of Truth, developed through
the process of that reflection (
dhammanijjhÈtnakkhanti
).
(8) Resolution is mentioned immediately after Truthfulness: (a) because truthfulness is
accomplished through resolution, since refraining from falsehood becomes perfect in
one whose resolution to speak truth remains unshakeable even at the risk of his life;
(b) because, after teaching truthfulness, He wishes to teach resolute commitment of
Bodhisattas to truth without wavering; and (c) because after teaching that only those
who possess Knowledge of Truth of things (as they really are) are able to build up the
perfections and bring them to completion, He wishes to teach that
pÈramÊ
-requisites
can be effected as a result of Knowledge of Truth.
(9) Loving-kindness is mentioned immediately after Resolution: (a) because development
of loving-kindness helps fulfilment of resolution to undertake the work for the welfare
of others; (b) because, after teaching resolution, the Buddha wishes to teach what
brings benefit to others in accordance with his resolve (for a Bodhisatta, in the course
of fulfilling his Perfections, generally abides in loving-kindness); and (c) because
when one is established imperturbably in determination to work for others' welfare,
can one carry out one's wish with loving-kindness.
(10) Equanimity is mentioned immediately after Loving-kindness: (a) because equanimity
purifies loving-kindness; (when one develops loving-kindness without equanimity, one
is liable to be deceived by craving or greed that wears the mask of loving-kindness).
Only when one develops equanimity, sometimes can one be away from the deceptive
craving or greed; (b) because after teaching how the interest of others should be served
out of loving-kindness, the Buddha wishes to teach that indifference is to be
maintained towards all wrongs inflicted by them. (The Bodhisatta works for the
welfare of beings with loving-kindness; he keeps a balanced mind, forgiving all beings
when wronged by them); (c) because, after teaching the development of loving-
kindness, the Buddha wishes to teach its advantages, for only after developing loving-
kindness can equanimity be successfully developed; and (d) the Buddha wishes to teach
the wonderful attribute (of a Bodhisatta) that He can remain equanimous even towards
those who show him good-will.
Thus our Teacher, the Lord of the world, teaches the Perfections in a proper sequence, as
described above, arranged on some principle of order and succession, not at random or
haphazardly.
5. What are the Characteristics, Functions, Manifestations and Proximate Causes of The
PÈramÊs
We shall begin this section with explanations of the words ‘characteristic’, ‘function’,
‘manifestation’, and ‘proximate cause’. We shall next deal with the definition and purport
of the Perfections together with their characteristics, functions, manifestations, and
proximate causes collectively, as well as individually.
Knowledge free from personality-belief (
attÈ-diÔÔhi
) is possible only through
comprehension of the ultimate realities of
nÈma
and
r|pa
which is attained by reflecting
upon each reality in terms of its characteristics, functions, manifestations and proximate