29: The 11th Rains Retreat (Kasibhāradvāja) – 998
By this saying the Buddha pointed out the profound meaning as follows:
“Brahmin, if it rains after you have sown the seeds, that is all right. If not,
you have to provide water by yourself. As for me, I attach the yoke and
plough of insight wisdom (
vipassanā-paññā
) and path-wisdom (
magga-
paññā
) to the plough of conscience (
hirī
) and concern (
ottappa
) by means
of the rope of concentration (
samādhi
); then harnessing the draught-
bullocks of energy (
viriya
) I prick and drive them with the goad of
mindfulness (
sati
); thus I plough the fertile field of my mental processes
and sow the seed-like faith. Never has there been a time when the seed-like
faith is deprived of rain water. Rain in the form of restraint of the six
senses is always falling on the fertile field of my mental processes.”
With reference to the Buddha’s saying: “My insight wisdom and path-
wisdom are the yoke and the plough.” The Brahmin’s yoke and plough are
analogous to the Buddha’s insight-wisdom and path-wisdom. The yoke is
the support for the plough shafts. It lies before the latter, to which it is
connected. It is also something on which the ropes depend. It serves by
making the draught-bullocks move together. Likewise, wisdom is the chief
support of faultless virtues led by conscience and concern. It is also the
head and forerunner of faultless virtues. As it cannot exist without the
shaft-like conscience and concern, the latter should be bound up with the
yoke of wisdom. As it is something on which the rope of concentration
depends, it gives support to the latter. As wisdom checks both excessive
and meagre exertions, it serves it by regulating the movement in unison of
the draught-bullocks of energy.
When ploughing is done, the log fitted with plough-teeth breaks up the soil.
It also destroys big and small roots. Similarly, the Buddha’s log of wisdom
fitted with the plough-teeth of mindfulness breaks up the four masses
(
ghāna
): the mass of continuity (
santati
); the mass of composition
(
samūha
); the mass of function (
kicca
); and the mass of sense objects
(
ārammaṇa
). It also destroys all the big and small roots of the mental
defilements (
kilesa
). Hence the Buddha’s saying: “My insight-wisdom and
path-wisdom are the yoke and the plough.”
With reference to the saying: “My conscience and concern are the twin
shafts of the plough.” Conscience and concern are born together and exist
together. When conscience is experienced, concern also is then
experienced. Hence the translation: “My conscience (
hirī
) and concern
(
ottappa
) regarding evil are the twin shafts of the plough.”