29: The 11th Rains Retreat (Kasibhāradvāja) – 989
wide range of topics but the Buddha answered them, leaving none unanswered.
Thus, he let the hours around midnight pass.
5. The Buddha’s activities in the last watch of the night (
pacchima-yāma
buddha-kicca
).
The last watch of the night near to daybreak was divided into three parts: The
first part was used for walking up and down in order to ease the strain due to his
sitting posture since dawn; the second part was taken up by his lying down on his
right side without losing his mindfulness in the fragrant chamber; and in the
third part, he rose from lying, sat cross-legged, surveying the world of sentient
beings through his twofold Buddha-eye: The knowledge of underlying
tendencies (
āsayānusaya-ñāṇa
)
and the knowledge of others’ dispositions
(
indriya-paro-pariyatta-ñāṇa
), to find out individuals, who had in their past
lives done meritorious (
adhikāra
) deeds, such as generosity (
dāna
), morality
(
sīla
), etc., in the presence of former Buddhas. This is the exposition given in the
Collection of the Long Discourses (
Dīgha-nikāya
) and the Collection of the
Thematic Discourses (
Saṁyutta-nikāya
) commentaries and other works.
The exposition of the Anthology of Discourses (
Sutta-nipāta
) commentary, reads
as follows: The morning time was divided into four periods; in the first period
the Buddha walked to and fro; in the second period, he lay down on his right
side in the fragrant chamber without losing mindfulness, which was noble lying;
the third period was spent engaged in the absorptions (
jhāna
) on fruition
attainment (
phala-samāpatti
). In the fourth period, he was absorbed in the
absorption of great compassion (
mahā-karuṇā-samāpatti
) and he surveyed the
world of sentient beings by the aforesaid twofold Buddha-eye so that he could
see what beings had less dust on their eyes, what beings had more dust, and so on.
Thus it was customary for the Buddha to carry out diligently the five kinds of
activities daily wherever he stayed. In accordance with that practice, when the
Buddha was now dwelling, during the 11th Rains Retreat (
Vassa
), at the
Dakkhiṇāgiri monastery, he also performed these duties. One day, when he
made a survey of the world of sentient beings through his Buddha-eye, which
was one of his activities during the last watch of the night, he saw in his vision,
by his omniscience, the Brahmin Kasibhāradvāja who was endowed with great
merit (
adhikāra
) that would contribute to his becoming am Arahat. On
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further reflection, he foresaw thus: “This Brahmin will today hold the ploughing
ceremony. When I get to his ploughing field, my conversation with him will