28: The 10th Rains Retreat (Pāḷileyyaka) – 981
rules, etc. These are taught by the Buddha; never does the Buddha teach
that there are three expulsion rules, fourteen rules needing a meeting of
the Saṅgha, three undeclared rules, 31 forfeiture rules, etc. The set of rules
taught implies the set of rules prescribed.
By way of the discourses, everyday absorption in fruition attainment
(
phala-samāpatti
), absorption in attainment of great compassion (
mahā-
karuṇā-samāpatti
), survey of the world of sentient beings through the
Buddha-eye (
Buddha-cakkhu
) consisting in both the knowledge of
underlying tendencies (
āsayānusaya-ñāṇa
) and the knowledge of others’
dispositions (
indriya-paro-pariyatta-ñāṇa
),
219
delivery of relevant
discourses and
[697]
relation of pertinent stories as demanded by the
occasion, these doings form the practice of the Buddha. No absorption in
fruition attainment, no absorption in attainment of great compassion, etc.,
do not form a practice of his.
In terms of the Discipline (
Vinaya
), observance of the Rains Retreat
(
Vassa
) residence in a certain town or a village at the request of the
devotees concerned, a journey at the end of the Rains Retreat (
Vassa
)
period after informing the devotees concerned, or after performing the
Invitation (
Pavāraṇa
); greeting visiting monks with the words: “Are you
keeping fit, dear friends? Are you faring well?” and so on; doings of these
and other things form the practice of the Buddha. Not doing of such things
do not form a practice of his.
In certain Vinaya rules, there are such lines as: “He who unknowingly
commits an offence is not guilty; he who commits without intent to steal is
not guilty; he who commits without intent to cause death is not guilty,”
and so on. The set of rules like these is the collocation of non-offences.
“He who knowingly commits an offence is guilty; he who commits with
place seen and inconvenient for an immoral purpose but convenient for talking
immorally to the woman.
218
Forteiture and confession (
nissaggiya-pācittiya
): Offences of this kind involve forfeit
and confession, the first of them occurs when a bhikkhu keeps more than permissible
number of robes: he has then to surrender the extra ones and confess his offence. See
U Ko Lay, Guide to Tipitaka, pp. 11-12, Burma Piṭaka Association Rangoon. 1986.
219
The knowledge of the dullness and keeness of facultics such as, confidence,
mindfullness, concentration, energy and wisdom; see Nārada Mahāthera, The Buddha
and His Teaching, BPS, Kandy 1980.