28: The 10th Rains Retreat (Pāḷileyyaka) – 976
On reaching the outskirts of the Pāḷileyyaka village, the Buddha addressed his
last words to the elephant: “Pāḷileyyaka, beyond this point is no habitat of yours.
A human abode is dangerous. You had better remain here!” The elephant stood
lamenting with his eyes set upon the Buddha as far as he could see, and when he
lost sight of the Buddha he died of a broken heart at that very spot. By virtue of
his meritorious state of devotion to the Buddha, he was reborn as a Deva with a
retinue of 1,000 celestials in a golden mansion, 30 leagues wide; he bore the
famous name of Pāḷileyyaka Deva.
Kosambī Monks’ Apology to the Buddha
The Buddha journeyed on and eventually arrived at Jetavana monastery in
Sāvatthī. Getting the news that the Fortunate One has come to Sāvatthī, the
monks of Kosambī
[694]
headed for Sāvatthī to apologize to the Buddha.
The following is from the Vinaya story about the Chapter about the Monks
from Kosambī (
Kosambakakkhandhaka
, Vin Mv 10).
At that time Ven. Sāriputta, the General of the Dhamma, hearing of the arrival
of the Kosambī monks, approached the Buddha, paid respects to him and sat
down in a faultless place. He then said to the Buddha: “It is said, exalted Buddha,
that the quarrelsome and contentious Kosambī monks are coming to Sāvatthī.
Exalted Buddha, how should we deal with them?”
The Buddha replied: “Dear son Sāriputta, in that case you should abide by the
Dhamma.” – “How could we know, exalted Buddha, what is the Dhamma and
what is not?” asked Ven. Sāriputta. This led to the Buddha’s instruction of the
following eighteen characteristics of unrighteousness (
adhamma
) and the other
eighteen characteristics of righteousness (
Dhamma
).
Eighteen Characteristics of Unrighteousness
“Dear son Sāriputta, an unrighteous person should be known by eighteen
characteristics. Here in this Dispensation, a monk indicates:
1. What is not Dhamma as Dhamma.
2. What is Dhamma as not Dhamma.
3. What is not Vinaya as Vinaya.
4. What is Vinaya as not Vinaya.
5. What the Buddha does not teach as the teaching of Buddha.