27b: The 9th Rains Retreat (Schism) – 947
communion; and 2) being suspended by the Saṅgha for not seeing an offence
(
apatti
), for not making amends, for not abandoning a wrong view. Thus there
are these two grounds for belonging to a different communion.
Monks, there are two grounds for belonging to the same communion (
samāna-
saṁvāsa
): 1) One’s own effort, one makes oneself belong to the same
communion; and 2) the whole Saṅgha lifts the suspension and restores
(
osaraṇīya-kamma
) the monastic who was suspended (
ukkhepanīya-kamma
).
There are two grounds for being in a different communion (
ñāṇa-saṁvāsa
) and
two grounds for being in the same communion (
samāna-saṁvāsa
), as explained
by the Buddha.
There are two groups or two types of monastics: 1) Lawful monastics
(
Dhamma-vādi
) who suspended the guilty monastics; and 2) unlawful
monastics who are suspended for being guilty of one or the other offence
(
adhamma-vādi
). Should a monastic, residing with one group or the other,
decide, after scrutinizing the views of both groups of monastics, that the
monastics who are suspended are unlawful monastics, and the monastics,
who suspended them are lawful ones, he himself has made himself of
different communion from the suspended monastics and of the same
communion with the suspending monastics.
Conduct of the Monastics in the Dispute
Now, at that time, monastics fell into dispute, quarrelling and causing strife at
the refectories in the villages. They behaved unsuitably towards one another in
action and in speech. They came to blows. People looked down upon them,
criticized them. Well conducted and modest monastics reported this unhappy
state of affairs to the Buddha who
[675]
sent for the disputing monastics.
Having made enquiries and having rebuked them, the Buddha gave an
appropriate talk and addressed them thus: “Monastics, when the Saṅgha is
divided, and if it is not behaving according to the rules, if there is discord, you
should sit down separately, thinking: ‘At the very least we must not behave
unsuitably towards one another in physical action and in speech. We cannot
come to blows.’ Monastics, when the Saṅgha is divided, if it is behaving
according to rule and if there is friendliness, you may sit down next to one
another.” These are the guidelines given to the rival monastics for observance,
whenever there is dissension amongst the Saṅgha.