26b: The 8th Rains Retreat (Mahā Moggallāna) – 907
We should consider the following points with reference to this passage:
“Most of those people were reborn in the four planes of woe,” in order to
arrive at a correct view of the case.
If those people were possessed by Dūsī Māra and were made to abuse the
monastics as his agents, they were not guilty of an offence because of lack
of intent or volition on their part in doing so. Dūsī Māra was solely
responsible for this immoral act and it follows that those people were not
liable to be reborn in the planes of misery on that score.
What actually happened was this: Dūsī Māra did not attempt to possess
them and use them as his agents, but he created a situation that compelled
them to turn against the monastics through a misunderstanding. He created
scenes that showed the presence of women in the vicinity of the monks;
scenes that showed the presence of men in the vicinity of female monastics;
monastics in the act of fishing with traps and nets, of catching birds with
traps, of hunting with hordes of hounds in the forest, enjoying drinks in
the company of women at the liquor shops, dancing and singing; women
lingering in the vicinity of monastics and young men in the vicinity of the
residence of the female monastics at dusk. These were the tactics adopted
by Dūsī Māra.
People noticed such incompatible, discordant scenes whenever they went
to the forests, to the parks and to the monasteries, so much so that they
were thoroughly disgusted with the monastics and agreed among
themselves not to make any further offerings to them saying: “These
monastics indulge in acts inappropriate for them. How would we gain
merit by making offerings to such base persons?”
They reviled the monastics whenever they saw them and they were thus
reborn in the planes of misery for their unwholesome deeds toward
monastics.
“Wicked Māra, when Buddha Kakusandha came to know that his monastics had
been outraged by the people under the undue influence of Dūsī Māra, he urged
his disciples to cultivate the four sublime abodes (
Brahma-vihāra
): 1) loving-
kindness (
mettā
), 2) compassion (
karuṇā
), 3) altruistic joy (
muditā
), 4)
equanimity (
upekkhā
). The monastics cultivated the four sublime abodes, with
due diligence as instructed by the Buddha.
When Dūsī Māra found out that such a tactic could not influence the minds of
the monastics, whose past existences and future destinations were beyond his
range of intelligence, he decided, once again, to reverse the mode of his tactics