786
23a: The 5
th
Rains Retreat (Mahā Pajāpatī Gotamī)
Having accomplished an incumbent duty of a Buddha by teaching the Discourse
about the Great Assembly (
Mahā-samaya-sutta
, DN 20), the Discourse on the
Correct Way to Wander (
Sammā-paribbājanīya-sutta
, Snp 2.13), etc., to the 500
Arahats of Sakyan descent and establishing seven 1,000 billion Devas and
Brahmas in the Arahat fruition (
Arahatta-phala
), and a countless number of
them in the three lower paths, as stated above, the Buddha took up residence at
Kūṭāgāra monastery, which had terraced roofing and a crowning pinnacle, in
the country of Vesālī to observe the fifth Rains Retreat (
Vassa
).
There were two forests bearing the name of Great Wood: one near
Kapilavatthu and the other near Vesālī. Of these two, the one where the
Buddha taught the Discourse about the Great Assembly, near Kapilavatthu,
extended from the edge of Kapilavatthu to the Himālayas on one side and
to the ocean on the other side. The one near the city of Vesālī was a great
forest with a marked boundary on all sides.
When the Buddha was observing the fifth Rains Retreat (
Vassa
) in the Great
Wood near Vesālī, King Suddhodana
entered Nibbāna after attaining the Arahat
fruition under the white umbrella in his golden palace.
An account of King Suddhodāna’s attainment of the Arahat fruition under
the white umbrella in his golden palace and entering Parinibbāna has been
dealt with in detail in the treatise entitled
Tathāgata-udāna-dīpanī
. In
view of this, it is only briefly mentioned here as treated in the Collection
of the Numerical Discourses (
Aṅguttara-nikāya
) commentary.
Permission for the Ordination of Women
The Buddha’s step-mother Mahā Pajāpatī Gotamī had approached the Buddha at
the time of his first visit to Kapilavatthu with a request for admission of women
to the Saṅgha by formal ordination. Since then she had made the request three
times more and the Buddha had rejected her request each time.
The reason for such rejection was because the Buddha had decided not to grant
admission of women to the Saṅgha easily, but only after painstaking efforts on
the part of women to gain permission for ordination. Only then would they
realize that becoming a nun (
bhikkhunī
) in the Dispensation was a thing difficult
of attainment and would safeguard their monastic status with constant vigilance.