21: Sumana, Aggidatta and Jambuka – 697
for refuge, go to the trees for refuge. If you take refuge in the hills, the jungles,
the parks and under the trees, you will be free from all kinds of suffering.”
On hearing this answer, the Buddha said: “Aggidatta, one who takes refuge in
the mountains, forests, gardens and trees cannot escape from suffering; as a
matter of fact, only one who takes refuge in the Buddha, the Dhamma and the
Saṅgha can escape from the sufferings of the round of rebirths! The Buddha
then expounded the true way of escape from suffering in five verses (Dhp 188-
192):
195
Bahuṁ ve saraṇaṁ yanti, pabbatāni vanāni ca,
ārāma-rukkha-cetyāni, manussā bhaya-tajjitā.
Aggidatta, people take refuge, through fright, in the mountains, such as
Mount Isigili, Mount Vepulla, Mount Vebhāra, etc., or in the forest groves,
such as the Great Wood, Gosiṅga, Sālavana, etc., or in the gardens and
parks, such as the Veḷuvana, Jīvaka’s Mango Park, etc., and under the
trees, such as at the Udena tree-temple, Gotama tree-temple, etc. All these
are erroneously regarded as refuges and means of protection from
dangers.
Netaṁ kho saraṇaṁ khemaṁ, netaṁ saraṇam-uttamaṁ,
netaṁ saraṇam-āgamma, sabba-dukkhā pamuccati.
Aggidatta, these mountains, forests, gardens or trees are not safe,
harmless refuges, they do not constitute the best, the highest refuge. By
taking refuge in these mountains, forests, gardens or trees one cannot gain
release from the continuous cycle of suffering (
dukkha
).
Yo ca Buddhañ-ca Dhammañ-ca, Saṅghañ-ca saraṇaṁ gato,
cattāri ariya-saccāni, sammappaññāya passati.
Dukkhaṁ dukkha-samuppādaṁ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṁ,
ariyaṁ caṭṭhaṅgikaṁ maggaṁ, dukkhūpasama-gāminaṁ.
Aggidatta, any person, whether lay or recluse, who takes refuge in the
Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṅgha as a safe haven, as a secure shelter
with sincere, pure faith in the Three Treasures; with transcendental
consciousness (
lokuttara-saraṇa-gamana-cittuppāda
); any person,
whether lay or recluse, who realizes the path truly and rightly through
195
[The story comes from the commentary to these verses].