21: Sumana, Aggidatta and Jambuka – 693
The Story of the Ascetic Aggidatta
This discourse of five verses, beginning with the words:
Bahuṁ ve saraṇaṁ yanti
(Dhp 188-192), was expounded by the Buddha while residing at Jetavana
monastery, with reference to a recluse by the name of Aggidatta, formerly a
court Brahmin of King Kosala, who was then residing near a pile of sand.
The recluse Aggidatta was living near a pile of sand lying between the
three countries of Aṅga, Magadha and Kuru that were adjacent to
Rājagaha.
The Brahmin Aggidatta was the court advisor of King Mahā Kosala, father of
King Pasedani Kosala. On the expiry of his father, King Pasedani Kosala
retained Aggidatta in the same rank as his court advisor, esteeming him as his
father’s old counsellor. When Aggidatta went to the palace to attend to duties,
he was treated with due respect by the king and was given the same seat which
he had occupied before.
One day, it occurred to Aggidatta: “King Pasenadi Kosala treats me with due
respect, no doubt, but it is not easy to make kings accept one’s counsel all the
time. It is natural that the
[521]
king would prefer to deal with advisors of his
own age. I have become too old, it is time that I lead the life of a recluse.”
So he sought permission from the king and having made public his decision by
the beating of drums in the city of Sāvatthī, within seven days he abandoned all
his belongings to become a recluse outside of the Buddha’s Dispensation
(
Sāsana
).
10,000 male followers became his disciples and they dwelt at a place situated
between the Aṅga, Magadha and Kuru countries. Aggidatta, as their leader, gave
them instruction for their observance: “Anyone thinking any of these thoughts:
thoughts of sensual desire (
kāma-vitakka
), thoughts of ill-will (
vyāpāda-vitakka
),
thoughts of harming others (
vihiṁsa-vitakka
), shall carry one bundle of sand
from the river and dump it here.” His disciples promised to observe this
disciplinary rule and every time they detected an unwholesome thought, such as
thoughts of sensual desire, arising in their mind, they chastised themselves by
carrying a bundle of sand from the river and dumping it as promised, in the
appointed place. In time, the pile of sand assumed a huge dimension.
The pile of sand was later taken over by a Nāga King named Ahichatta. People
from Aṅga, Magadha and Kuru used to come with offerings for the recluses